Multiple Choice Question Bank (Full Set)
Section 1: Core Concepts
Q1
Which of the following best describes data?
A. Only numerical values collected
B. Information collected to answer a question
C. Graphs used to present results
D. A summary of results
Q2
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. A statistic is a characteristic of a population
B. We can use a census to estimate sample statistics
C. A representative sample is required to estimate population parameters
D. A parameter is a characteristic of a sample
Q3
Which of the following statements about Samples and Census is INCORRECT?
A. Samples are faster to implement than a census
B. Samples give more accurate estimations than a census
C. For measurements requiring destruction of a unit, a sample is more practical
D. Samples are cheaper to run than a census
Section 2: Sampling & Sampling Frame
Q4
Which one of these statements about a Sampling Frame is INCORRECT?
A. A list of units from which the sample is chosen
B. Is required for simple random samples
C. The collection of units from the population that are measured
D. Can lead to coverage error if the sampling frame does not cover the population well
Q5
To measure health and wellbeing, the NZ Ministry of Health surveys one person from 10,000 households.
The sample of units in this survey is:
A. The list of all households
B. 10,000 people from the households chosen
C. The 10,000 households chosen
D. All NZ citizens
Q6
The population of measurements in this survey is:
A. All NZ citizens
B. Health and wellbeing of all NZ citizens
C. The list of households
D. Health and wellbeing of those sampled
Section 3: Margin of Error
Q7
A political poll selects 2500 voters. The margin of error is:
A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 2%
D. Around 3%
Q8
A survey shows 42% support with ±4% MOE. Which is correct?
A. 38–46% of the sample support it
B. Over 50% support it
C. Exactly 42% support it
D. 38–46% of the population likely support it
Q9
Which statement about margin of error is correct?
A. It increases as sample size increases
B. It only applies to observational studies
C. It describes uncertainty in a sample estimate
D. It removes bias from results
Section 4: Sampling Methods
Q10
Which is a probability sampling method?
A. Convenience
B. Judgment
C. Haphazard
D. Simple random
Q11
Which statement about simple random sampling is FALSE?
A. Less representative than convenience sampling
B. More cost effective than a census
C. Requires a sampling frame
D. Every unit has equal chance
Q12
Selecting every 5th unit is:
A. Systematic
B. Cluster
C. Stratified
D. Simple random
Q13
Sampling singles and non-singles separately is:
A. Cluster
B. Simple random
C. Stratified
D. Systematic
Q14
Surveying people in the street at lunchtime is:
A. Convenience sampling
B. Haphazard sampling
C. Random sampling
D. Judgment sampling
Section 5: Sampling Errors
Q15
Which statement about sampling error is FALSE?
A. Happens because we sample
B. Difference between sample and population
C. Is measurable
D. Caused by poor survey design
Q16
Which is NOT a non-sampling error?
A. Non-response
B. Margin of error
C. Question error
D. Coverage error
Q17
Coverage error occurs when:
A. Wrong sampling frame used
B. People don’t respond
C. Convenience sampling
D. Low response rate
Q18
Low response rate leads to:
A. Deliberate bias
B. Non-response bias
C. Coverage error
D. Large MOE
Q19
Missing people without internet access is:
A. Non-response bias
B. Coverage error
C. Sampling error
D. Response bias
Q20
Non-response bias occurs when:
A. Questions are poorly worded
B. Groups are missing
C. Selected people don’t respond
D. Sample is small
Section 6: Variables
Q21
Which is categorical ordinal?
A. T-shirt size
B. Number of planes
C. Eye colour
D. Time taken
Q22
Which is continuous?
A. Number of goals
B. Beak length
C. T-shirt size
D. Opinion
Q23
Which is discrete?
A. Brightness
B. Time taken
C. Number of elephants
D. Weight
Q24
Which is continuous?
A. Number of students
B. T-shirt size
C. Eye colour
D. Height
Section 7: Surveys & Bias
Q25
How much can wording affect answers?
A. Not much
B. Not at all
C. A lot
D. Only major changes matter
Q26
Which is a closed question?
A. Choose from options
B. Describe your opinion
C. What do you think
D. Explain your view
Q27
Main issue with open questions?
A. Wording
B. Limited choices
C. Hard to summarise
D. No problems
Q28
Why might someone lie about smoking?
A. Complexity
B. Memory
C. Desire to please
D. Bias
Q29
Poorly defined question leads to:
A. Researcher bias
B. Response bias
C. Participant bias
D. Unintentional bias
Q30
Which shows non-response bias?
A. Poor wording
B. Missing groups
C. People don’t respond
D. Small sample
Section 8: Measurement
Q31
Validity means:
A. Consistent results
B. Random sample
C. Measures correct thing
D. No bias
Q32
Reliability means:
A. Consistency
B. Accuracy
C. No bias
D. Random
Q33
IQ test for happiness violates:
A. Efficiency
B. Validity
C. Bias
D. Reliability
Q34
Using a short ruler for long distance violates:
A. Validity
B. Bias
C. Efficiency
D. Reliability
Section 9: Experiments
Q35
Randomisation ensures:
A. Generalisation
B. No bias
C. Balance of confounders
D. Equal groups
Q36
Which statement is FALSE about randomisation?
A. Balances groups
B. Not based on judgement
C. Reduces confounding
D. Ensures generalisation
Q37
Confounding variable is:
A. Only in experiments
B. Allows causation
C. Affects both variables
D. Removed by blinding
Q38
Advantage of experiments?
A. Cheaper
B. Easier
C. Shows causation
D. Less ethics
Q39
Students attend tutorials and get better grades. Issue?
A. Sampling
B. Confounding
C. Measurement
D. Randomisation
Q40
Interaction variable:
A. Unrelated
B. Changes effect
C. Measurement error
D. Sampling bias
Section 10: Effects & Design
Q41
Hawthorne effect is:
A. Cause-effect
B. Recall bias
C. Behaviour change due to being observed
D. Generalisation error
Q42
Purpose of control group:
A. Represent population
B. Compare no treatment
C. Improve validity
D. Reduce MOE
Here are the correct answers for ALL multiple-choice questions from your full question bank.
Answer Key
Section 1: Core Concepts
Q1 → B
Q2 → C
Q3 → B
Section 2: Sampling & Sampling Frame
Q4 → C
Q5 → B
Q6 → B
Section 3: Margin of Error
Q7 → C
Q8 → D
Q9 → C
Section 4: Sampling Methods
Q10 → D
Q11 → A
Q12 → A
Q13 → C
Q14 → A
Section 5: Sampling Errors
Q15 → D
Q16 → B
Q17 → A
Q18 → B
Q19 → B
Q20 → C
Section 6: Variables
Q21 → A
Q22 → B
Q23 → C
Q24 → D
Section 7: Surveys & Bias
Q25 → C
Q26 → A
Q27 → C
Q28 → C
Q29 → D
Q30 → C
Section 8: Measurement
Q31 → C
Q32 → A
Q33 → B
Q34 → D
Section 9: Experiments
Q35 → C
Q36 → D
Q37 → C
Q38 → C
Q39 → B
Q40 → B
Section 10: Effects & Design
Q41 → C
Q42 → B
What to do with this
Don’t just memorise — use it to spot patterns:
Most common correct answers:
Sampling → usually random / stratified / systematic
Bias → often coverage or non-response
Experiments → confounding variables
Measurement → validity vs reliability