Human Sexuality Final

Human Sexuality - Exam 4 (40 questions)

Chapter 15 – Sexually Transmitted Infections & Diseases

Know that 1 out of 4 people have or have had an STI by age 18 and 1 out of 2 by age 25.

Know the three different STIs discussed that have bacterial origins (chlamydia, gonorrhea, NGU). Know the symptoms based on genital and/or oral infection, as well as possible complications if left untreated. Specifically, pay attention to:

  • What can occur if uterine infections are left untreated (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease).

  • Know the symptoms of gonorrhea – penile & vaginal – and the areas of the body it can infect (e.g., anus, throat, genitals).

    • Vaginal infections produce few noticeable symptoms.

    • Penile – cheesy discharge, painful urination.

  • Know that symptoms of penile NGU mimic gonorrhea. 

  • Know that Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STI.  

Know the symptoms of primary (painless chancre) and secondary (rash/flu like symptoms) syphilis.

  • Also know progression over time is painless sore; skin rash; no symptoms; severe systemic illness

Know that HSV1 presents as oral herpes and HSV2 presents as genital herpes.

  • Know that HSV1 can spread to the genitals through oral contact.

  • Know that prodromal symptoms for HSV include tingling or burning sensations before an outbreak occurs. 

    • Prodromal symptoms are most noticeable during a re-occurring outbreak (i.e., second outbreak of genital herpes or cold sores)

  • Know that HSV and HPV are transmitted through skin contact.  

Know the following complications of the high-risk strains of HPV: 

  • Penile cancer, cervical cancer, anal cancer, throat cancer, genital warts

How many people are unaware they have HIV?

  • 1 out of 7

How is HIV transmitted (what fluids)? 

  • Blood, Semen, Vaginal Fluids, Breast Milk

Know the following about the period of primary infection for HIV? 

  • People will test negative during this time, although, they are positive.

  • They have a very high viral load.

  • More likely to transmit to others during this time.

Know the three primary modes of HIV transmission.

  • Unprotected vaginal/penile sex

  • Unprotected anal sex

  • Sharing needles during IV drug use or other activities

Know how HIV is initially diagnosed (i.e., by detecting antibodies in the blood or saliva)

  • Know it takes 3-6 months for a person to develop enough antibodies to test positive.  

What are the most effective ways to decrease the rates of HIV?

  • PREP, Medication to reduce viral load, using barrier methods like condoms. 

Know that a person living with HIV is diagnosed with AIDS (also known as Late-Stage HIV) when their T-cell count is 200 or less.

Chapter 7 – Love and Intimate Communication

What are the antecedents to attraction discussed? Specifically, pay attention to these:

  • Know the definition of the mere exposure effect - When we are repeatedly exposed to a person who lives or works near us, in the absence of negative qualities, we tend to find them more attractive

  • What is meant by the “Beautiful is good” hypothesis (cultures attribute positive characteristics to beautiful people)

Know the definition of passionate love (extreme absorption with strong physiological arousal).

Know the definition of companionate love (tolerance for shortcomings, appreciation for your partner, etc.).

  • Be able to recognize an example of passionate love and companionate love. 

Know these different types of love Sternberg proposes: 

  • Fatuous – passion & commitment

  • Romantic – intimacy & passion

  • Companionate – intimacy & commitment

Be able to recognize examples of the styles of love proposed by Lee.

  • Eros – passionate love

  • Storge – friendship love

  • Mania – possessive love

What patterns can we use to predict whether a couple will split in the first few years (i.e., what are Gottman’s findings)? Specifically, know the following: 

  • Lasting love requires positive frequent interactions.

  • 5:1 ratio of positive to negative interactions (i.e., for every negative interaction, there needs to be 5 positive ones) predicts lasting, happy marriages with a 90% accuracy rate. 

What aspects of sexual variety were discussed in class?

  • The question will ask which one isn’t true/wasn’t discussed – Know that 

    • sexual variety is not necessary for a quality, long-term relationship (some couples need it and some don’t).

    • communication is an important aspect of sexual variety

    • planning for sexual time can help maintain closeness

    • social norms prevent many couples from exploring

Know mutual empathy is the:

  • knowledge that each partner in a relationship cares for the other and knows the care is reciprocated. 

What are three ways you can begin to talk about sex with a partner? Specifically:

  • Know what your authors mean by talking about sexual histories (e.g., asking questions about how you learned about sex at home and school, how nudity and physical affection were dealt with at home, etc.).

What is the difference between active and passive listening?

  • Recognize an example of passive listening (staring into space, saying uh huh, etc).

Knowing that using “I” language can improve relationship communication.

  • Recognize an example of Editing (i.e., focusing only on the problem at hand and avoiding minor annoyances when discussing something)

What are the five destructive communication patterns discussed? Specifically:

  • Be able to recognize an example of stonewalling (e.g., walking out of the room).

  • Know that contempt is a criticism with sarcasm/insult and/or negative body language added to the criticism (e.g., “Our sex life isn’t satisfying, how did I end up with someone boring”)