air pollution

1. What state of matter is air pollution? Solid, liquid or gus

2. Which organisms are most affected by the increased acidity in our oceans? corels

mollusks,

anelifish

1. What is a primary pollutant? A sult lutent that is pur directly into the atmospher by nomen

2. What is a secondary pollutant? Example: of secondary pollutants takes form in tu atmosnu by
   Chemicail reeeticns
   wiprimary pollears/ natural conponents in air or both
   Ex'.-ucid rain, smog

Exscifordiorice

1. Where do primary pollutants come from?
   venicles, soul borning, pomer punts, retinieries

2. What causes smog?
   milton

of smole and Fag produced tram industrial polluinet & burning tossil duels

1. Why are lichens considered an indicator for air pollution? ey have higher growth in arens with less

2. What causes acid precipitation? Rel euse of fossil fuels, such as sulter dioxide 1 Nitrogen axide That mix al the wher in tu atmosphere

3. What pH indicates acid rain? less Men 5.0

4. What are the impacts of acid rain on aquatic ecosystems? It Kills ne pils me animals in tul
   environment

5. Why is acid rain an international problem? Becuse it may be releusal in one area cue

6. What is the importance of the ozone layer? + protects the barths inhabistarta fram ru

7. What is chemical scientist believe destroys ozone molecules causing a hole in the ozone of the atmosphere? CFCS (hydrocarbons)

8. How do humans add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere? What are 3 greenhouse gasses?
   Propellats
   in nerosol spray cunsicumbustion of fossil fuels

9. What is the greenhouse effect?

sses trap meal close to the Earths surface

1. What is global warming?
   The rapice
   incrase in Ewin average surface temperature oner tu past century.

2. What causes global warming?
   Gases released by burning tussil fuels detorestastions

, coal, plentsi transportatio

18. What is the evidence of global warming?

Rising tempertures, melting ice, more extreme climete everats.

19 What are some consequences of rising global temperatures? What area of the world is most impacted by rising temperatures? net une, meltiy glaces, cheuse precisitatin patter most impacta includ cowalyn coatal regions & istend natury

wroughts & flood

1. What does this graph tell us about Carbon Dioxide concentrations since 1960? incriusin on a guy basis

2. Notice the jagged line that starts in 1960 and continues to 2005. Why are carbon dioxide levels constantly climbing and falling? Depending an the season, coz levels rise and fols matorsny

3. Notice the straight line in the middle of the jagged line that starts around 1960 and continues to

2005. What do you think this straight line is communicating?

The straisht line is the average cor nevel fu gers

SUN

3. Infrared radiation is absorbed by reenhouse gases indre radiated in all directions

25. According to this diagram, explain what happens to solar radiation that passes through Earth's Atmosphere?

Some of it is alasombel enc heats te carth.

Sume is reture back

¡lto space

1. Solar Radiation passes through the atmosphere

GREENHOUSE GASES

Farh wams ans ens toros

odster

EARTH

neeared

Cheating

much of tu meat is trapped in in atmosphere by

greenhouse gasses

2. What state of matter is air pollution? Air pollution can consist of solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases. It encompasses a variety of substances, including dust, soot, smoke, and vapors from chemicals.

3. Which organisms are most affected by the increased acidity in our oceans? Organisms such as corals, mollusks, and certain fish species are particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification, which disrupts their ability to build shells and skeletons.

4. What is a primary pollutant? A primary pollutant is a substance that is emitted directly into the atmosphere from sources such as vehicles, power plants, and industrial processes, thus contributing to air quality degradation.

5. What is a secondary pollutant? A secondary pollutant forms in the atmosphere through chemical reactions between primary pollutants or natural components in the air. Examples include acid rain and smog, which develop when pollutants interact with sunlight and moisture.

6. Where do primary pollutants come from? Primary pollutants are sourced from various human activities, such as automobile emissions, industrial discharges, and the burning of fossil fuels in power plants and refineries.

7. What causes smog? Smog is caused by a mixture of smoke and fog produced from industrial pollution combined with burning fossil fuels, creating a thick haze that can reduce visibility and harm respiratory health.

8. Why are lichens considered indicators of air pollution? Lichens are sensitive to air quality, and their growth is often stunted in areas with high levels of air pollution. Their presence or absence can indicate the relative health of the local environment.

9. What causes acid precipitation? Acid precipitation, commonly known as acid rain, is caused by the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from burning fossil fuels, which then combine with water vapor in the atmosphere to form acids.

10. What pH indicates acid rain? Acid rain typically has a pH of less than 5.0, indicating a higher concentration of hydrogen ions compared to normal rainwater.

11. What are the impacts of acid rain on aquatic ecosystems? Acid rain can result in the death of aquatic life, including fish and amphibians, by altering the pH balance of water bodies, harming reproductive processes, and disrupting ecosystems.

12. Why is acid rain an international problem? Acid rain is an international concern because pollutants can travel long distances in the atmosphere; emissions in one country can lead to environmental damage in another, creating cross-border environmental issues.

13. What is the importance of the ozone layer? The ozone layer is crucial for protecting Earth's inhabitants from harmful ultraviolet radiation, which can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and other health issues.

14. What substances do scientists believe destroy ozone molecules, causing a hole in the ozone layer? Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), used in products like aerosols and refrigerants, release chlorine atoms that react with and deplete ozone in the stratosphere.

15. How do humans add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere? Humans add greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere through activities such as fossil fuel combustion, agricultural practices, and industrial processes.

16. What is the greenhouse effect? The greenhouse effect refers to the process by which certain gases in the atmosphere trap heat, preventing it from escaping back into space, thus warming the planet and maintaining a habitable climate.

17. What is global warming? Global warming is the ongoing rise in Earth’s average surface temperature due to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere over the past century.

18. What causes global warming? Global warming is primarily caused by the release of greenhouse gases through activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial emissions, which enhance the natural greenhouse effect.

19. What is the evidence of global warming? Evidence includes rising global temperatures, melting polar ice caps and glaciers, and an increase in extreme weather events such as hurricanes and droughts.

20. What are some consequences of rising global temperatures? Consequences include altered precipitation patterns that can lead to floods in some regions and droughts in others, loss of biodiversity, and displacement of species. Coastal regions and island nations are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of rising sea levels.

21. What does this graph tell us about Carbon Dioxide concentrations since 1960? The graph indicates a significant upward trend in carbon dioxide concentrations, highlighting the increasing impact of human activity on greenhouse gas emissions.

22. Why do carbon dioxide levels constantly climb and fall? Carbon dioxide levels rise and fall seasonally, primarily due to the uptake of CO2 by plants during photosynthesis in spring and summer, followed by emissions from respiration and decay in autumn and winter.

23. What does the straight line in the middle of the jagged line represent? The straight line signifies the average carbon dioxide concentration over the years, smoothing out seasonal fluctuations to show a clear long-term increase.

24. Infrared radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases and redirected in all directions, contributing to the warming of the Earth’s surface.

25. According to this diagram, what happens to solar radiation that passes through Earth's Atmosphere? Some solar radiation is absorbed, heating the Earth's surface, while some is reflected back into space.

26. Solar radiation passes through the atmosphere and is modified by greenhouse gases, which trap heat, warming the Earth and maintaining its temperate climate for life to thrive.