COLD WAR ACTIVE RECALL
Context: Stalin died and was replaced as General Secretary of the Communist party by Khrushchev. Khrushchev wanted a more ‘reasonable’ approach to communism and toward the beginning of his time as leader, had a policy of ‘de-Stalinization’.
1. Who was the head of the communist party in 1956?
2. Who was the president of the US?
3. What was de-Stalinization and what were some of the reasons for this?
4. How were Khruschev's policies different to Stalin’s?
5. How were they similar? (think of examples of his attitudes to the Eastern bloc states and ways that de-Stalinization was limited)
6. What was the ‘Secret Speech’? When was this? (Feb 25 1956)
7. What happened in Moscow in June 1956? Secret speech was published
8. June 1956 – where did riots take place and for what reasons? How was this dealt with by the Soviet government?
The Polish Crisis:
9. Who was Gomulka and when did he run for office?
10. What did Gomulka want for Poland and how did the Soviet government initially react?
11. How was a solution reached? Consider the influence versus the limitations here of de-Stalinization.
The Hungarian crisis:
12. Who was Imre Nagy, and what did he want for Hungary?
13. When was the major Hungarian uprising? Briefly outline the events of this.
14. How did the US get involved, and what was the impact of this on the Cold War?
The Berlin Crisis 58-61
15. How was Germany divided at this stage?
16. Who led the two governments of Germany?
17. What were reasons for Emigration to the FRG, and why was this a problem?
18. What were the reasons for the Berlin wall? How effective was this at solving the immediate problem?
19. What was the impact of the wall on East Germany?
20. What was the impact on the Cold War?
The Prague Spring:
21. Who was Dubcek, and what was his new movement of communism?
22. What challenge did he present to Soviet power?
23. How did the Soviet Union deal with this threat?
24. How was this repression different from previous events?
25. What was the reaction to this repression?
26. Who was Brezhnev and what was the Brezhnev doctrine?
The Solidarity Crisis:
27. When was this?
28. What was going on economically in the Soviet Union? What was the impact of the Brezhnev era?
29. What is Solidarity?
30. What did they do in 1981?
31. How were they affected by the Reagan administration?
32. How did the Soviet Union try to control the crisis?
33. How much support did Solidarity have within Poland?
34. How was the Soviet response to this crisis different from previous ones?
35. How much of a threat was Solidarity?
36. Who was the leader of Solidarity and what happened to him?
37. What did this show about the strength of the opposition versus the Soviet Union?
38. What was the significance of the Solidarity crisis to the war as a whole?
The Arms race:
39. What were the first nuclear weapons and when were they used?
40. When did Russia manage to replicate these and how were they able to do this so quickly?
41. How did Eisenhower justify engaging in this competition?
42. What was significant about the U2 spy plane?
43. What were ICBMs and why were they important?
44. What did the US want from Russia in terms of disarmament?
45. What did Russia want from the US?
46. When and what was the Paris summit? Why did this fail?
47. What was the Polaris missile?
48. What was the Star Wars program?
49. Why did Pershing and Cruise missiles create tension in the 1980s?
50. What was the Nuclear non-Proliferation treaty and when was it signed?
51. When and what was SALT?
The Space Race:
52. What was the ideological significance of both the Arms Race and the Space Race? How were they directly linked?
53. How long did the Space Race last?
54. What was Sputnik, when was it released, and how was it significant?
55. How did the US attempt to compete with this? Were they succesful?
56. When was NASA created?
57. When and who was the first man sent into Space? How did the Soviets use this as propaganda?
58. How did the Americans catch up?
59. What were other significant developments in the Space Race over the next few years? (before 1968)
60. Who was the first man to walk on the moon? When did this happen?
61. How did the Space Race come to an end? Consider the impact of the Brezhnev era.
Detente:
62. What was Detente, and what were the causes?
63. What were the needs of the US?
64. USSR?
65. Europe?
66. When was SALT 1 and why was it negotiated?
67. How successful was the attempted arms reduction?
68. Who was president of America during Detente, and what were the reasons and possibilities for this?
69. How was China involved?
70. What did Apollo-Soyuz show about improving relations?
71. What was SALT 2? How was this unsuccessful?
72. What brought Detente to an end? When did this happen?
73. What were the Basic Principles? When and where were they agreed? How did they affect relations?
74. What was Ostpolitik and how was it successful?
75. What were the Helsinki accords? How were they significant, and how were they limited?
76. What was the economic impact of Detente on both countries?
77. When and what was the Hallstein doctrine?
78. What was the original attitude of the FRG to the Eastern bloc?
79. How did Willy Brandt attempt to improve relations during Ostpolitik and Detente?
80. How did this concern the US? What did the FRG do to manage concerns on both sides about Ostpolitik?
81. What were the problems with the human rights provision of the Helsinki accords?
82. What were the agreements made during Ostpolitik?
83. What was the Basic treaty?
84. When did Germany join the UN and how did this lead to improvement of relations?
85. What was the Moscow treaty of 1970?
86. What was the long-term impact of Helsinki?
87. What happened in Afghanistan to end Detente?
88. What and when was the Carter doctrine?
89. What was Reagan’s attitude toward the Cold War and Detente?
90. Who were Reagan’s international allies? What ideas did they share?
91. Why did the USSR fear Reagan?
92. What was his major speech and how did this persuade people to support his efforts? What was the reaction to this in the East?
93. When was the ‘New Cold War’?