HomeVisual & Technical Codes • Camera Angles: • Low Angle: Makes the subject look powerful, heroic, or intimidating. • High Angle: Makes the subject look vulnerable, small, or insignificant. • Canted/Dutched Angle: A tilted shot used to suggest unease, madness, or a world out of balance. • Camera Shots: • Extreme Close-Up (ECU): Focuses on a specific detail (eyes, a product logo) to create intense emotion or focus. • Establishing Shot: Usually a Wide Shot at the start to show the setting/context. • Lighting & Color: • High-Key Lighting: Bright and even; used in upbeat ads (perfume, tech) to suggest happiness or clarity. • Low-Key Lighting: Shadows and contrast; suggests mystery, drama, or "gritty" realism. • Color Palette: Warm tones (reds/yellows) suggest comfort or passion; cool tones (blues) suggest clinical precision or sadness. Audio Codes • Diegetic Sound: Sound that exists within the world of the media (e.g., a character speaking, a car door slamming). • Non-Diegetic Sound: Sound added for the audience only (e.g., a dramatic musical score, an omniscient voice-over). • Sound Bridge: When the audio from one scene carries over into the next, creating a link between ideas. Editing & Mise-en-Scène • Continuity Editing: Making the story flow naturally so the audience doesn't notice the cuts. • Jump Cuts: Sudden breaks in time; used in music videos to create energy or a "frenetic" feel. • Mise-en-Scène: Everything in the frame (Props, Costume, Expression, Setting). • Example: A "messy bedroom" mise-en-scène in Submarine tells us about Oliver's internal chaos without saying a word. 2. Core Theorists for Section A You don't need a million theories, just 3-4 that you can apply to anything

Visual & Technical Codes • Camera Angles: • Low Angle: Makes the subject look powerful, heroic, or intimidating. • High Angle: Makes the subject look vulnerable, small, or insignificant. • Canted/Dutched Angle: A tilted shot used to suggest unease, madness, or a world out of balance. • Camera Shots: • Extreme Close-Up (ECU): Focuses on a specific detail (eyes, a product logo) to create intense emotion or focus. • Establishing Shot: Usually a Wide Shot at the start to show the setting/context. • Lighting & Color: • High-Key Lighting: Bright and even; used in upbeat ads (perfume, tech) to suggest happiness or clarity. • Low-Key Lighting: Shadows and contrast; suggests mystery, drama, or "gritty" realism. • Color Palette: Warm tones (reds/yellows) suggest comfort or passion; cool tones (blues) suggest clinical precision or sadness. Audio Codes • Diegetic Sound: Sound that exists within the world of the media (e.g., a character speaking, a car door slamming). • Non-Diegetic Sound: Sound added for the audience only (e.g., a dramatic musical score, an omniscient voice-over). • Sound Bridge: When the audio from one scene carries over into the next, creating a link between ideas. Editing & Mise-en-Scène • Continuity Editing: Making the story flow naturally so the audience doesn't notice the cuts. • Jump Cuts: Sudden breaks in time; used in music videos to create energy or a "frenetic" feel. • Mise-en-Scène: Everything in the frame (Props, Costume, Expression, Setting). • Example: A "messy bedroom" mise-en-scène in Submarine tells us about Oliver's internal chaos without saying a word. 2. Core Theorists for Section A You don't need a million theories, just 3-4 that you can apply to anything

Visual & Technical Codes

• Camera Angles:

• Low Angle: Makes the subject look powerful, heroic, or intimidating.

• High Angle: Makes the subject look vulnerable, small, or insignificant.

• Canted/Dutched Angle: A tilted shot used to suggest unease, madness, or a world out of balance.

• Camera Shots:

• Extreme Close-Up (ECU): Focuses on a specific detail (eyes, a product logo) to create intense emotion or focus.

• Establishing Shot: Usually a Wide Shot at the start to show the setting/context.

• Lighting & Color:

• High-Key Lighting: Bright and even; used in upbeat ads (perfume, tech) to suggest happiness or clarity.

• Low-Key Lighting: Shadows and contrast; suggests mystery, drama, or "gritty" realism.

• Color Palette: Warm tones (reds/yellows) suggest comfort or passion; cool tones (blues) suggest clinical precision or sadness.

Audio Codes

• Diegetic Sound: Sound that exists within the world of the media (e.g., a character speaking, a car door slamming).

• Non-Diegetic Sound: Sound added for the audience only (e.g., a dramatic musical score, an omniscient voice-over).

• Sound Bridge: When the audio from one scene carries over into the next, creating a link between ideas.

Editing & Mise-en-Scène

• Continuity Editing: Making the story flow naturally so the audience doesn't notice the cuts.

• Jump Cuts: Sudden breaks in time; used in music videos to create energy or a "frenetic" feel.

• Mise-en-Scène: Everything in the frame (Props, Costume, Expression, Setting).

• Example: A "messy bedroom" mise-en-scène in Submarine tells us about Oliver's internal chaos without saying a word.

2. Core Theorists for Section A

You don't need a million theories, just 3-4 that you can apply to anything.

SECTION A: CORE THEORISTS

• Roland Barthes – Semiotics: Analyze Signifiers (the physical image/sound) and what they Signify (the mental concept/connotation). Look for "Myths" or hidden meanings in everyday objects.

• Stuart Hall – Representation: Media is a construction, not a mirror. Look for how groups are "fixed" through Stereotypes or how those stereotypes are being subverted/challenged.

• Liesbet van Zoonen – Feminist Theory: Focus on the idea that the female body is often represented as an object to be looked at (the "Male Gaze"). Gender is constructed through discourse and changes with culture.

• bell hooks – Intersectionality: Argues that feminism is a struggle to end patriarchal oppression. Look at how race and class combine with gender to create different levels of "power" or "victimhood".

• David Gauntlett – Identity: Media provides a "pick and mix" of tools for audiences to construct their own identities. In modern ads, look for more diverse and complex role models.

• Steve Neale – Genre Theory: Genres are instances of Repetition (what makes it familiar) and Difference (what makes it new/exciting).