In-Depth Notes on Classified Balance Sheet

Learning Objective 1

• Identify the Sections of a Classified Balance Sheet

Overview of the Classified Balance Sheet

• A classified balance sheet presents a snapshot of a company's financial situation at a specific point in time.
• Assets and liabilities are grouped into standard classifications for clarity:
  • Assets
  • Current assets
  • Long-term investments
  • Property, plant, and equipment
  • Intangible assets
  • Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
  • Current liabilities
  • Long-term liabilities
  • Stockholders’ equity

Detailed Breakdown of the Classified Balance Sheet

Assets

Current Assets

• Definition: Assets that are expected to be converted to cash or consumed within one year or within the operating cycle, whichever is longer.
• Typical components of current assets include:
  • Cash
  • Debt investments
  • Accounts receivable
  • Notes receivable
  • Inventory
  • Supplies
  • Prepaid insurance
• Example from Franklin Corporation's balance sheet (as of October 31, 2027):
  • Total current assets: 22,100

Long-term Investments

• Definition: Investments held for more than one year, including:
  • Stocks and bonds of other corporations
  • Long-term assets not actively used in operations (e.g., land, buildings)
  • Long-term notes receivable
• Example from Franklin Corporation: Long-term investments of 7,200.

Property, Plant, and Equipment (PPE)

• Definition: Long-lasting physical assets used in operations that have a useful life longer than one year.
• Components include land, buildings, equipment, delivery vehicles, and furniture.
• Important Concepts:
  • Depreciation: Allocation of an asset’s cost over its useful life.
  • Accumulated Depreciation: The total depreciation expense recorded against an asset to date.
• Example from Franklin Corporation: PPE reported as 29,000.

Intangible Assets

• Definition: Non-physical assets that provide value to a business, such as goodwill, patents, copyrights, and trademarks.
• Example from Franklin Corporation: Intangible assets of 3,100.

Liabilities

Current Liabilities

• Definition: Obligations that must be settled within one year or within the operating cycle, whichever is longer.
• Common types include:
  • Notes payable
  • Accounts payable
  • Unearned sales revenue
  • Salaries and wages payable
  • Interest payable
• Example from Franklin Corporation: Total current liabilities of 16,050.

Long-term Liabilities

• Definition: Obligations not due within the next year.
• Common types include bonds payable, mortgages payable, long-term notes payable, and lease liabilities.
• Example from Franklin Corporation: Total long-term liabilities of 11,300.

Stockholders’ Equity

• Consists of:
  • Common stock: Investments made by stockholders.
  • Retained earnings: Profits retained for use in the business.
• Example from Franklin Corporation: Total stockholders' equity of 34,050.

Review Questions

Current Assets

1. Listing Order: Current assets are listed by order of expected conversion to cash.

Long-term Liabilities

1. Identify Non-long-term Liabilities: Which is not a long-term liability?
   • Correct Answer: Current maturities of long-term debt.

Application Exercise

Example - Asset Section of a Classified Balance Sheet

• Beginning with given values of assets for Hoffman Corporation, construct the asset section of a classified balance sheet, categorizing:

  • Current assets: Cash, Accounts receivable, Inventory, Prepaid insurance
  • Long-term investments: Debt investments
  • Property, Plant and Equipment: Equipment less accumulated depreciation
  • Intangible assets: Trademarks

• Resulting values:

  • Total current assets: 7,600
  • Total assets: 22,400.