3.1 Study Guide
Describe the challenges to plant life on land
Fertilization, solar/UV radiation, desiccation, structural supports, and lack of soil environment.
Describe the adaptations that allowed plants to colonize the land
Seeds and pollen(reproduction), waxy cuticle & stroma(Desiccation), lignin & vascular tissue (structural support), flavonoids (UV radiation)
Describe the traits shared by green algae and land plants
Chloroplasts contain the same carotenoids and chlorophyll a/ b
Store carbohydrates as starch
Cell walls that contain cellulose
Explain why charophytes are considered the closest algal relative to land plants
They also lack supportive tissue such as xylem, which contains lignin, and have haplontic life.
Identify the main characteristic of bryophytes
Seedless Plants, nonvascular, damp habitats, homosporous, lack lignin, sporophyte depends on gametophytes, growth across body not at tips,
Describe the distinguishing traits of liverworts, hornworts, and mosses
Liverwort - oldest group of plants, no cuticles = wet habitats, have air pores but no stomata, no roots. Hornworts - Pipe-like sporophyte, air pores on gametophytes, stomata on sporophytes symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria. Mosses- Gametophytes precursor to vascular plants lack vascular tissue, Sporophytes have stomata.
Chart the development of land adaptations in the bryophytes
Gravity→ Vascular tissue & lignin. Desiccation → Waxy cutical & stomata. UV Radiation → Flavonoids. Reproduction without water → seeds & pollen
Describe the events in the life cycle of a liverwort
describe the events in the life cycle of a moss
identify the new traits that first appear in seedless vascular plants
compare microphylls and megaphylls
identify the classes of seedless vascular plants and their distinguishing characteristics
Describe the life cycle of a fern
Compare the dominance and independence of the gametophyte and sporophyte of nonvascular plants to seedless vascular plants.