Exam Part B- Feeds and Feeding (copy)

Proteins

What are proteins?

ProteinsProteins- are long chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

What is polypeptide?

PolypeptidePolypeptide- is a long linear chain of amino acid

  • proteins are polypeptides that ==fold 3D== bc of ==bonding== between amino groups and the carboxyl group

What are complex organic compounds?

ComplexorganiccompoundsComplex organic compounds-contains carbon; found throughout the body in:

  • muscle
  • bone
  • skin
  • hair
  • and almost every other body tissue

  ==Enzymes== that power many chemical reactions

  • Hemoglobin carries ==oxygen== in the blood
  • At least ==10,000== different proteins
  • Total protein in the animal’s body >20% in young
  • Growing animals to 10% in older, mature animals

  Why do young and growing mature animals have different %?

  - Different % because young animals don’t have a matured skeletal system

  • ==Highest== concentration in the body next to water

  \

\ \

Amino Acids

What are amino acids made up of?

  • ==proteins==

What do amino acids contain?

  • ==AA contains C, H, O& Nitrogen== ( S and P on occasion)

What are long chains of amino acids linked by?

  • ==Linked by peptide bonds=== protein

What determines protein function?

  • ==Arrangement of AA & length of chain==

  What does every protein vary in?

  • Varies in ==number & order of AA==

  How many standard AA is necessary @ cellular level?

  • ==ALL 21== standard AA

  \   \

Feed Protein Terminology

What is true protein?

TrueproteinTrue protein- only AA

  • Non-protein nitrogen ==NPN== contains ==N== and may be converted to protein by bacterial action (urea)
  • <strong>Crudeprotein</strong>−<strong>Crude protein</strong>- (total protein on tag) protein and all other N containing compounds

CP=%N x 6.25. The typical value given for a feed tag. WHY 6.25?

  • Analysis for nitrogen then multiply by 6.25
  • AA= 16% N (100/16= 6.25 %)
  • Then you get the percent CP

  DigestibleproteinDigestible protein- portion of crude protein animal can digest, determined by protein in feed, protein in feces

  EssentialAA(EAA)Essential AA (EAA)- can not be synthesized fast enough to meet (mono and high producing ruminants) animals requirement. Think “essential in the diet”

  • must be supplied in diet PVT TIM HALL

  P= Phenylalanine

  • V= Valine
  • T= Threonine
  • T= Tryptophan
  • I= Isoleucine
  • M= methionine
  • H= Histidine
  • A= Arginine
  • L= Leucine
  • L= Lysine (not EAA in mature hogs)

  ## Know the nutrient functions.

  Protein function:

     1. Basic structural units of the body      * collagen, elastin, contractile proteins, keratin proteins, blood proteins   2. Body metabolism

                  - Enzymes, hormones, antibodies, DNA

  1. Energy source

-after the examination (removal of amino groups) enters Krebs cycle

\ \ \

The absorbable units of the digested nutrients

Amino acids role in proteins utilization, absorption, digestion

Essential vs non-essential amino acids and how they play different roles in ruminant and monogastric animals.

Lipid digestion and absorption

\ \ \ \

Vitamin categories, functions for each category, characteristics of each category

Fat-soluble vitamins A,D,E,and K

a. regulate metabolism of ==structural units==

b. absorbed from the intestinal tract ==with fat==

c. excess FS vitamins are ==stored== wherever ==fat== deposited & in ==liver==

d. storage ==increases== with intake

e. excreted in ==feces==

f. contain only C,H,O

g. metabolism

\ Vitamin A