Isotopes and Their Uses

Isotopes and Their Uses

• Isotopes and Their Uses

  • Study of atoms involves subatomic particles, atomic structures, discoverer, and properties.

  • Isotopes are related to nuclear energy and commonly used in industries.

  • Radioisotopes, a type of isotopes, are radioactive and used in nuclear energy.

  • Many food products in the market are treated with radiation from radioisotopes.

  • Module discusses the nature of isotopes, their types, examples, and applications.

• Important Vocabulary Words

  • Proton: Positively charged particle of the atom.

  • Neutron: Uncharged particle of the atom.

• Nature of Isotopes

  • Isotopes are variants of an element with the same number of protons but different neutrons.

  • Introduced by British Chemist Frederick Soddy.

  • Example: Oxygen isotopes with varying neutron numbers.

• Isotopes

  • Subatomic Particles Oxygen-16

    • Protons: 8

    • Neutrons: 8

    • Mass number: 16

  • Isotopes of Oxygen

    • Oxygen-16, Oxygen-17, Oxygen-18 named based on mass numbers.

    • Calculation of relative atomic mass involves multiplying isotope mass numbers by their abundance percentages.

• Practice Exercise

  • Boron has isotopes Boron-10 and Boron-11 with different abundances and atomic masses.

• Important Isotopes and Their Uses

  • Sodium-24: Detect blood clots

  • Cobalt-60: Detect and treat cancer, kill bacteria

  • Iodine-131: Detect thyroid gland functions

  • Phosphorous-32: Study plant processes

  • Nitrogen-15: Study plant processes

  • Cesium-137: Kill bacteria

  • Flourine-18: Diagnosis and treatment of diseases

  • Gallium-67: Diagnosis and treatment of diseases

  • Carbon-14: Carbon dating process

• Physical and Chemical Properties of Isotopes

  • Chemical properties of isotopes of an element are similar.

  • Physical properties like mass, melting point, density, and freezing point vary.

  • Unstable isotopes are called radio