CARDIO PATH 3

  1. Discuss the causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

  2. What are the clinical findings in dilated cardiomyopathy?

  3. What is the treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy?

  4. What is stress cardiomyopathy?

  5. What are the pathological findings in dilated cardiomyopathy?

  6. Discuss the causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

  7. What are the clinical findings in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

  8. What is the treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

  9. What are the pathological findings in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

  10. What is hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy?

  11. Give causes of concentric LV hypertrophy

  12. Discuss the causes of restrictive/ infiltrative cardiomyopathy

  13. What are the clinical findings in restrictive/ infiltrative cardiomyopathy?

  14. What is Loffler endocarditis?

  15. What is heart failure with systolic dysfunction?

  16. What is heart failure with diastolic dysfunction?

  17. What is cor pulmonale?

  18. Which drugs decrease mortality in HFrEF? Which drugs are mainly for symptomatic relief?

  19.  Discuss the symptoms of left heart failure and the pathophys behind the symptoms

  20. Discuss the symptoms of right heart failure and the pathophys behind the symptoms

  21. Outline the mechanisms for combating deleterious cardiac remodeling

  22. What is high output heart failure? Causes?

  23. What is cardiac shock? List the different types.

  24. What is the mechanism of hypovolemic shock? Describe the changes in a) CVP b) PCWP c) CO d) SVR e) SVO2

  25. Give causes of hypovolemic shock.

  26. What is the mechanism of cardiogenic shock? Describe the changes in a) CVP b) PCWP c) CO d) SVR e) SVO2

  27. Give causes of cardiogenic shock.

  28. What is the mechanism of obstructive shock? Describe the changes in a) CVP b) PCWP c) CO d) SVR e) SVO2

  29. Give causes of obstructive shock.

  30. What is the mechanism of distributive shock? Describe the changes in a) CVP b) PCWP c) CO d) SVR e) SVO2

  31. Give causes of distributive shock.

  32. What is cardiac tamponade? Treatment?

  33. What are the clinical findings in cardiac tamponade?

  34. What is pulsus paradoxus? Associated conditions?

  35. What is infective endocarditis?

  36. Differentiate between acute and subacute infective endocarditis

  37. How does infective endocarditis present? What are the vascular phenomena? What are the immunologic phenomena?

  38. Give the common organisms implicated in infective endocarditis and their common associations

  39. Which valves are the most common sites for infective endocarditis?

  40. How is infective endocarditis diagnosed?

  41. What is nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis? Associated conditions?

  42. What is rheumatic fever? treatment?

  43. Which valves are the most common sites for rheumatic fever?

  44. What is the JONES criteria?

  45. Outline the pathologic findings of rheumatic fever

  46. Describe the hypersensitivity reaction involved in rheumatic fever.

  47. What is syphilitic heart disease? Complications?

  48. What are the pathological findings in syphilitic heart disease?

  49. How does acute pericarditis commonly present? ECG findings?

  50. What are some causes of acute pericarditis? Complications?

  51. What are some examination findings in acute pericarditis? Treatment?

  52. Describe myocarditis. Clinical presentation?

  53. Give examples of causes of myocarditis

  54. What are some complications of myocarditis?

  55. What is the most common cardiac tumour?

  56. What is a myxoma?

  57. Which cytokine is produced by myxomas?

  58. What is the clinical presentation of a myxoma? Possible examination finding?

  59. Outline the histological findings of a myxoma

  60. What is a rhabdomyoma? Histological findings?

  61. Outline the physiology behind the Kussmaul sign

  62. List examples of conditions in which the Kussmaul sign may be seen.

  63. What is hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia? Clinical findings?