APHG TEST
Agribusiness | commercial agriculture characteruzed by the integration of different steps in the food processing industry, usually though ownership by large corporations |
Agricultural revolution | the process tht began when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entireley on human hunting |
agriculture | the deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earths surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain |
aquaculture | the cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions |
cash crop | a crop that is grown for sale rather than the farmers own use |
cereal grain | a grass that yields grain for food |
columbian exchange | the transfer of plants and animals, as well as people, culture andtechnology, between the western hemisphere and europe as a result of european colonization and trade |
commercial agriculture | agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm |
commercial garndening and fruit farming | relativly small-scale production of fruits and vegetables and other horticulture |
conservation tillage | a method of soil cultivation that reduce soil erosion and runoff |
crop | any plant gathaered from a field as a harvest during a particular season |
crop rotation | the practice of rotating the use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil |
dairy farm | a form of commercial agriculture that specializes in the production of dairy products |
desertification | degradation of land primarily because of human action such as excessive crop planting (etc,) |
dietary energy consumption | the amount of food an indivbidual consumes, measured in calories |
double cropping | harvesting twice a year from the same field |
fishing | the capture of wild fish and other seafood living in the water |
food security | physical, social, and aconomic, access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life |
food insecurity | a state in which individuals or households have limited or uncertain access to enough affordable, nutritious food to meet their needs for an active and healthy life |
genetically madified organism | a living organism that possess a novel combination of genetic material obtained though the uise of modern biotechnology |
grain | seed of cereal grass |
green revolution | rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high yield seeds and fertilizers |
herbicide | a chemical to contorl unwanted plants |
horticulture | growing of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and tree crops |
intensive substinence agriculture | a form of substinence agriculture characteristic aof asias major population concentrations in which farmers must expend a relativley large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land |
milkshed | the area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied |
mixed crop and livestock farming | commercial farminh characterized by intergration of crops and livestock; most of crops are fed to animals rather than consumed directly by humans |
monocropping | the practice of growing the same single crop year after year |
no tillage | a farming practice that leaves all of the soil undisturbed and the entire residue of the previous years harvest left untouched on the fields. |
organic agriculture | farming that depends on the use of naturally occuring substances while prohibiting synthetic substances such as herbicides (etc) |
overfishing | capturing fish faster than they can reproduce |
paddy | the malay word for wet rice, increasingly used to describe a flooded field |
pastoral nomad | a form of substinenceaghriculture based on herding domesticated animals |
pesticide | a substance to control pests and weeds |
plantation | a large farm in tropical and subtropical climatrd that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country |
ranching | a fornm of commercial agriculture in which livestock grazw over an extensive area |
ridge tillage | a system iif planting hcrops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation |
sawah | a flooded field or growing rice |
second agricultural movement | an increase in agricultural productiovity through improvement of crop rotation and breeding of livestock, beginning in the UK in the 7th century |
shifiting cultivation | a form of substinence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to abither, each field is used for crops for a relativley few years and left fallow for a relativley long period |
substinence agriculture | agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmers family |
transhumance | seasonal migration of livestoc between mountain and lowland pasture area |
truck farming | commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named for thr middle english word truck, meaningh "barter" or "exchange of commodities" |
undernourishment | dietary energy comsumption that is continously below the minimum requirment for maintaining a healthy life and carrinh out light physical activity |
wet rice | rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved to deliberatly flooded fiel to promote growth |