FRE 102: 2/24
Exam: 2/26
2 Parts per section
đ Study Guide for Test 2 â French
1. Reflexive Verbs (Les verbes pronominaux)
â Reflexive Pronouns
Subject
Pronoun
je
me
tu
te
il/elle/on
se
nous
nous
vous
vous
ils/elles
se
â Present Tense Conjugation
se lever (to get up)
je me lĂšve
tu te lĂšves
il/elle se lĂšve
nous nous levons
vous vous levez
ils/elles se lĂšvent
â PassĂ© ComposĂ©
Always use ĂȘtre
Structure: subject + reflexive pronoun + ĂȘtre + past participleAgreement rule:
Add -e if subject is feminine
Add -s if plural
BUT no agreement if the verb has a direct object after it
Example:
Elle sâest rĂ©veillĂ©e.
Ils se sont habillés.
Elle sâest lavĂ© les mains. (no agreement because les mains is the direct object)
â Common Reflexive Verbs to Know
se réveiller
se lever
se brosser
sâhabiller
se coucher
sâendormir
se laver
se maquiller
se déshabiller
se retrouver
sâamuser
sâentendre
se disputer
se téléphoner
â Logical Order Words
Dâabord
Ensuite
AprĂšs / Puis
Example:
Dâabord, je me rĂ©veille. Ensuite, je me lĂšve.2. Imparfait vs. PassĂ© ComposĂ©
â When to Use Imparfait
Use it for:
Habitual actions (Je me réveillais tÎt.)
Descriptions (Il faisait beau.)
Background info (Nous aimions marcher.)
Ongoing actions (Je lisais quandâŠ)
â When to Use PassĂ© ComposĂ©
Use it for:
Completed actions (Il est tombé.)
Specific events (Jâai eu peur.)
Interruptions (Je lisais quand le chien sâest approchĂ©.)
â Ătre Verbs (DR & MRS VANDERTRAMP)
You must know agreement rules.
â Reflexive Verbs in PassĂ© ComposĂ©
Same rules as above â agreement unless followed by a direct object.
3. Regular -RE Verbs (Present Tense)
â Endings
Subject
Ending
Example: rendre
je
-s
rends
tu
-s
rends
il/elle
-d
rend
nous
-ons
rendons
vous
-ez
rendez
ils/elles
-ent
rendent
â Verbs to Review
rendre
vendre
perdre
attendre
entendre
sâentendre (reflexive!)
4. Relative Pronouns: qui / que / dont
â QUI = subject
Replaces the subject of the second clause.
Example:
Les amis qui prennent soin de leur corpsâŠâ QUE = direct object
Example:
Les amis que je rencontreâŠâ DONT = replaces de + noun
Meaning: âof which,â âthat,â âabout whomâ
Example:
LâamitiĂ© dont jâai besoin.â Verbs that use de
avoir besoin de
parler de
ĂȘtre amoureux de
5. Vocabulary: Le caractĂšre + Chapter 7
You should recognize whether a sentence is logical.
Examples:
jaloux / généreux
heureux
sâennuyer
cultiver son esprit
cultiver son corps
Practice idea:
âIl est gĂ©nĂ©reux, alors il ne partage jamais.â â illogical
âElle cultive son esprit; elle lit beaucoup.â â logical6. Writing Section: Your Morning Routine
You must write 6â8 sentences using:
reflexive verbs
passé composé
time expressions
transitions
â Model Paragraph
Hereâs a strong example you can imitate:
Dâabord, je me suis rĂ©veillĂ©(e) Ă sept heures. Ensuite, je me suis levĂ©(e) et je me suis habillĂ©(e). AprĂšs, je me suis brossĂ© les dents et je me suis lavĂ© le visage. Puis, jâai pris mon petit dĂ©jeuner. Ă huit heures, je me suis dĂ©pĂȘchĂ©(e) pour aller Ă lâĂ©cole. CâĂ©tait une matinĂ©e trĂšs occupĂ©e.7. La Bretagne (Culture)
Know these facts:
It is in the west of France
On the Atlantic coast
Specialties: crĂȘpes and cider
Famous for alignements mégalithiques (Carnac)
â Quick Practice (Try answering mentally)
1. Choose imparfait or passé composé:
Quand jâĂ©tais petit, je/jâ ___ (aller) Ă la plage chaque Ă©tĂ©.
Hier, nous ___ (finir) nos devoirs.
Je lisais quand mon frĂšre ___ (entrer).
2. Fill in the blank with qui / que / dont:
Le livre ___ jâai besoin.
La fille ___ parle français.
Les films ___ jâadore.
3. Conjugate in passé composé:
Elle (se maquiller) â ______________________
Nous (se lever) â ______________________
Relative Pronouns:
Passe Compose vs. Imparfait
SE LEVER
SE LEVER
NE PAS SE LEVER
je me levais
je ne me levais pas
tu te levais
tu ne te levais pas
il/elle/on se levait
il/elle/on ne se levait pas
nous nous levions
nous ne nous levions pas
vous vous leviez
vous ne vous leviez pas
ils/elles se levaient
ils/elles ne se levaient pas
Remember to use the imparfait to tell what things were like in general or what was going on when something else happened and the passé composé to tell what happened on specific occasions or to recount a sequence of events.
1⣠The Core Idea: Background vs. Event
đŹ Think Like a Movie
Imagine a film:
Lâimparfait = the background, the setting, what was going on
Le passé composé = the main events that move the story forward
đč Lâimparfait (Imperfect)
Used for:
Descriptions
Habits
Ongoing actions
States (feelings, weather, age, time)
đ It answers:
âWhat was happening?â / âWhat was it like?â
Examples:
Quand jâĂ©tais petit, je jouais au foot.
â When I was little, I used to play soccer.Il pleuvait.
â It was raining.Elle Ă©tait fatiguĂ©e.
â She was tired.
Think:
ongoing / repeated / descriptive / unfinished
đč Le PassĂ© ComposĂ© (Completed Past)
Used for:
Completed actions
Specific events
Things that happened once
Actions with clear beginning/end
đ It answers:
âWhat happened?â
Examples:
Jâai jouĂ© au foot hier.
â I played soccer yesterday.Il a plu.
â It rained.Elle est arrivĂ©e Ă 8h.
â She arrived at 8.
Think:
finished / specific / one-time / event
2⣠The Fastest Way to Feel the Difference
đ„ Use the âInterrupted Actionâ Test
If one action interrupts another:
The ongoing action â imparfait
The interrupting event â passĂ© composĂ©
Example:
Je regardais la télé quand le téléphone a sonné.
I was watching TV (background)
The phone rang (event)
This structure appears constantly in French storytelling.
3⣠English Clue Trick (Very Helpful for Anglophones)
English often helps â but not always perfectly.
English Pattern | Likely French Tense |
|---|---|
was/were + -ing | Imparfait |
used to | Imparfait |
simple past event | Passé composé |
Examples:
I was sleeping â Je dormais
I used to live in Paris â Jâhabitais Ă Paris
I moved to Paris â Jâai dĂ©mĂ©nagĂ© Ă Paris
But â English simple past can be either tense in French depending on meaning.
4⣠The âZoom Lensâ Analogy (Very Powerful)
Imagine a camera:
đž Zoomed out â Imparfait
You see the situation as ongoing, open.
đž Zoomed in â PassĂ© composĂ©
You focus on the action as a complete unit.
Compare:
Il faisait froid. (It was cold â description)
Il a fait froid. (It was cold â during a specific event/time)
Same English translation. Different perspective.
5⣠Verbs That Are Usually Imparfait
Mental and emotional states are often in imparfait:
ĂȘtre
avoir
penser
croire
vouloir
aimer
Example:
Je voulais partir.
â I wanted to leave. (state of mind)
If you use passé composé instead:
Jâai voulu partir.
â I tried / I suddenly decided to leave.
The meaning changes.
6⣠The Timeline Trick
Think of imparfait as a line and passé composé as dots.
Imparfait:
ââââââââââââ (ongoing)
Passé composé:
âą âą âą (events)
Example:
Pendant que je lisais, il est entré.
Reading = line
He entered = dot
7⣠A Story Example
Letâs see both together:
Il était minuit. Il pleuvait et les rues étaient vides.
Soudain, une voiture est arrivée.
Background scene â imparfait
Sudden event â passĂ© composĂ©
This pattern is everywhere in novels and spoken storytelling.
8⣠The Psychological Difference
This is the deeper level:
Imparfait = internal view (inside the action)
Passé composé = external view (looking at it as finished)
Compare:
Je lisais ce livre.
(I was in the middle of reading it.)Jâai lu ce livre.
(I finished it.)
9⣠The One Sentence Rule to Remember
If you remember nothing else, remember this:
Imparfait describes what WAS happening.
Passé composé tells what HAPPENED.
1âŁ0⣠Best Practice Strategy for Students
To really master it:
Read short stories and highlight:
Descriptions â imparfait
Plot actions â passĂ© composĂ©
Practice rewriting:
Change perspective (background â event)
Tell simple childhood stories using both tenses.
Andre et Rose
AndrĂ© et Rosalie se sont enfin mariĂ©s. DĂ©crivez le jour de leur mariage en mettant les verbes donnĂ©s au passĂ© composĂ© ou Ă lâimparfait.
Le jour de son mariage, Rosalie 1 (se lever) tĂŽt. AndrĂ© 2 (arriver) vers 9h mais, tout de suite aprĂšs, il 3 (se souvenir) dâune course quâil 4 (devoir) faire et il 5 (repartir). Il 6 (aller) acheter une nouvelle cravate.
Their wedding day, Rosalie got up early. Andre arrived around 9h but very soon after, he remembered
Il 7 (ĂȘtre) 3h quand AndrĂ© 8 (revenir). La cĂ©rĂ©monie 9 (commencer) Ă 4h. Tous les invitĂ©s (guests) 10 (ĂȘtre) dans le jardin. Il 11 (faire) beau et Rosalie et AndrĂ© 12 (ĂȘtre) contents. Rosalie 13 (porter) une jolie robe beige et AndrĂ© 14 (porter) un costume noir. Rosalie 15 (ĂȘtre) trĂšs jolie! AprĂšs la cĂ©rĂ©monie, les amis 16 (rester) et ils 17 (manger) du gĂąteau (cake). Ils 18 (sâamuser) bien quand tout dâun coup il 19 (commencer) Ă pleuvoir, alors ils 20 (rentrer) dans la maison.
AndrĂ© 21 (partir) et il 22 (revenir) avec assez de chaises pour tout le monde. Vers 8h, les invitĂ©s 23 (partir). AndrĂ© et Rosalie 24 (se regarder) et ils 25 (commencer) Ă sourire (to smile). Ils 26 (ĂȘtre) fatiguĂ©s mais trĂšs, trĂšs heureux.
Weather is idiomatical
/