FRE 102: 2/24

Exam: 2/26

  • 2 Parts per section

  • 🌟 Study Guide for Test 2 — French

    1. Reflexive Verbs (Les verbes pronominaux)

    ✔ Reflexive Pronouns

    Subject

    Pronoun

    je

    me

    tu

    te

    il/elle/on

    se

    nous

    nous

    vous

    vous

    ils/elles

    se

    ✔ Present Tense Conjugation

    se lever (to get up)

    • je me lĂšve

    • tu te lĂšves

    • il/elle se lĂšve

    • nous nous levons

    • vous vous levez

    • ils/elles se lĂšvent

    ✔ PassĂ© ComposĂ©

    Always use ĂȘtre
    Structure: subject + reflexive pronoun + ĂȘtre + past participle

    Agreement rule:

    • Add -e if subject is feminine

    • Add -s if plural

    • BUT no agreement if the verb has a direct object after it

    Example:

    • Elle s’est rĂ©veillĂ©e.

    • Ils se sont habillĂ©s.

    • Elle s’est lavĂ© les mains. (no agreement because les mains is the direct object)

    ✔ Common Reflexive Verbs to Know

    • se rĂ©veiller

    • se lever

    • se brosser

    • s’habiller

    • se coucher

    • s’endormir

    • se laver

    • se maquiller

    • se dĂ©shabiller

    • se retrouver

    • s’amuser

    • s’entendre

    • se disputer

    • se tĂ©lĂ©phoner

    ✔ Logical Order Words

    • D’abord

    • Ensuite

    • AprĂšs / Puis

    Example:
    D’abord, je me rĂ©veille. Ensuite, je me lĂšve.


    2. Imparfait vs. Passé Composé

    ✔ When to Use Imparfait

    Use it for:

    • Habitual actions (Je me rĂ©veillais tĂŽt.)

    • Descriptions (Il faisait beau.)

    • Background info (Nous aimions marcher.)

    • Ongoing actions (Je lisais quand
)

    ✔ When to Use PassĂ© ComposĂ©

    Use it for:

    • Completed actions (Il est tombĂ©.)

    • Specific events (J’ai eu peur.)

    • Interruptions (Je lisais quand le chien s’est approchĂ©.)

    ✔ Être Verbs (DR & MRS VANDERTRAMP)

    You must know agreement rules.

    ✔ Reflexive Verbs in PassĂ© ComposĂ©

    Same rules as above — agreement unless followed by a direct object.


    3. Regular -RE Verbs (Present Tense)

    ✔ Endings

    Subject

    Ending

    Example: rendre

    je

    -s

    rends

    tu

    -s

    rends

    il/elle

    -d

    rend

    nous

    -ons

    rendons

    vous

    -ez

    rendez

    ils/elles

    -ent

    rendent

    ✔ Verbs to Review

    • rendre

    • vendre

    • perdre

    • attendre

    • entendre

    • s’entendre (reflexive!)


    4. Relative Pronouns: qui / que / dont

    ✔ QUI = subject

    Replaces the subject of the second clause.

    Example:
    Les amis qui prennent soin de leur corps


    ✔ QUE = direct object

    Example:
    Les amis que je rencontre


    ✔ DONT = replaces de + noun

    Meaning: “of which,” “that,” “about whom”

    Example:
    L’amitiĂ© dont j’ai besoin.

    ✔ Verbs that use de

    • avoir besoin de

    • parler de

    • ĂȘtre amoureux de


    5. Vocabulary: Le caractĂšre + Chapter 7

    You should recognize whether a sentence is logical.

    Examples:

    • jaloux / gĂ©nĂ©reux

    • heureux

    • s’ennuyer

    • cultiver son esprit

    • cultiver son corps

    Practice idea:
    “Il est gĂ©nĂ©reux, alors il ne partage jamais.” → illogical
    “Elle cultive son esprit; elle lit beaucoup.” → logical


    6. Writing Section: Your Morning Routine

    You must write 6–8 sentences using:

    • reflexive verbs

    • passĂ© composĂ©

    • time expressions

    • transitions

    ✔ Model Paragraph

    Here’s a strong example you can imitate:

    D’abord, je me suis rĂ©veillĂ©(e) Ă  sept heures. Ensuite, je me suis levĂ©(e) et je me suis habillĂ©(e). AprĂšs, je me suis brossĂ© les dents et je me suis lavĂ© le visage. Puis, j’ai pris mon petit dĂ©jeuner. À huit heures, je me suis dĂ©pĂȘchĂ©(e) pour aller Ă  l’école. C’était une matinĂ©e trĂšs occupĂ©e.
    

    7. La Bretagne (Culture)

    Know these facts:

    • It is in the west of France

    • On the Atlantic coast

    • Specialties: crĂȘpes and cider

    • Famous for alignements mĂ©galithiques (Carnac)


    ⭐ Quick Practice (Try answering mentally)

    1. Choose imparfait or passé composé:

    1. Quand j’étais petit, je/j’ ___ (aller) Ă  la plage chaque Ă©tĂ©.

    2. Hier, nous ___ (finir) nos devoirs.

    3. Je lisais quand mon frĂšre ___ (entrer).

    2. Fill in the blank with qui / que / dont:

    1. Le livre ___ j’ai besoin.

    2. La fille ___ parle français.

    3. Les films ___ j’adore.

    3. Conjugate in passé composé:

    Elle (se maquiller) → ______________________
    Nous (se lever) → ______________________

Relative Pronouns:

Passe Compose vs. Imparfait

SE LEVER

  1. SE LEVER

    NE PAS SE LEVER

    je me levais

    je ne me levais pas

    tu te levais

    tu ne te levais pas

    il/elle/on se levait

    il/elle/on ne se levait pas

    nous nous levions

    nous ne nous levions pas

    vous vous leviez

    vous ne vous leviez pas

    ils/elles se levaient

    ils/elles ne se levaient pas

  2. Remember to use the imparfait to tell what things were like in general or what was going on when something else happened and the passé composé to tell what happened on specific occasions or to recount a sequence of events.

1⃣ The Core Idea: Background vs. Event

🎬 Think Like a Movie

Imagine a film:

  • L’imparfait = the background, the setting, what was going on

  • Le passĂ© composĂ© = the main events that move the story forward

đŸ”č L’imparfait (Imperfect)

Used for:

  • Descriptions

  • Habits

  • Ongoing actions

  • States (feelings, weather, age, time)

👉 It answers:
“What was happening?” / “What was it like?”

Examples:

  • Quand j’étais petit, je jouais au foot.
    → When I was little, I used to play soccer.

  • Il pleuvait.
    → It was raining.

  • Elle Ă©tait fatiguĂ©e.
    → She was tired.

Think:

ongoing / repeated / descriptive / unfinished


đŸ”č Le PassĂ© ComposĂ© (Completed Past)

Used for:

  • Completed actions

  • Specific events

  • Things that happened once

  • Actions with clear beginning/end

👉 It answers:
“What happened?”

Examples:

  • J’ai jouĂ© au foot hier.
    → I played soccer yesterday.

  • Il a plu.
    → It rained.

  • Elle est arrivĂ©e Ă  8h.
    → She arrived at 8.

Think:

finished / specific / one-time / event


2⃣ The Fastest Way to Feel the Difference

đŸ”„ Use the “Interrupted Action” Test

If one action interrupts another:

  • The ongoing action → imparfait

  • The interrupting event → passĂ© composĂ©

Example:

Je regardais la télé quand le téléphone a sonné.

  • I was watching TV (background)

  • The phone rang (event)

This structure appears constantly in French storytelling.


3⃣ English Clue Trick (Very Helpful for Anglophones)

English often helps — but not always perfectly.

English Pattern

Likely French Tense

was/were + -ing

Imparfait

used to

Imparfait

simple past event

Passé composé

Examples:

  • I was sleeping → Je dormais

  • I used to live in Paris → J’habitais Ă  Paris

  • I moved to Paris → J’ai dĂ©mĂ©nagĂ© Ă  Paris

But ⚠ English simple past can be either tense in French depending on meaning.


4⃣ The “Zoom Lens” Analogy (Very Powerful)

Imagine a camera:

📾 Zoomed out → Imparfait
You see the situation as ongoing, open.

📾 Zoomed in → PassĂ© composĂ©
You focus on the action as a complete unit.

Compare:

  • Il faisait froid. (It was cold — description)

  • Il a fait froid. (It was cold — during a specific event/time)

Same English translation. Different perspective.


5⃣ Verbs That Are Usually Imparfait

Mental and emotional states are often in imparfait:

  • ĂȘtre

  • avoir

  • penser

  • croire

  • vouloir

  • aimer

Example:

  • Je voulais partir.
    → I wanted to leave. (state of mind)

If you use passé composé instead:

  • J’ai voulu partir.
    → I tried / I suddenly decided to leave.

The meaning changes.


6⃣ The Timeline Trick

Think of imparfait as a line and passé composé as dots.

Imparfait:
──────────── (ongoing)

Passé composé:
‱ ‱ ‱ (events)

Example:
Pendant que je lisais, il est entré.

Reading = line
He entered = dot


7⃣ A Story Example

Let’s see both together:

Il était minuit. Il pleuvait et les rues étaient vides.
Soudain, une voiture est arrivée.

  • Background scene → imparfait

  • Sudden event → passĂ© composĂ©

This pattern is everywhere in novels and spoken storytelling.


8⃣ The Psychological Difference

This is the deeper level:

  • Imparfait = internal view (inside the action)

  • PassĂ© composĂ© = external view (looking at it as finished)

Compare:

  • Je lisais ce livre.
    (I was in the middle of reading it.)

  • J’ai lu ce livre.
    (I finished it.)


9⃣ The One Sentence Rule to Remember

If you remember nothing else, remember this:

Imparfait describes what WAS happening.
Passé composé tells what HAPPENED.


1⃣0⃣ Best Practice Strategy for Students

To really master it:

  1. Read short stories and highlight:

    • Descriptions → imparfait

    • Plot actions → passĂ© composĂ©

  2. Practice rewriting:

    • Change perspective (background → event)

  3. Tell simple childhood stories using both tenses.

Andre et Rose

AndrĂ© et Rosalie se sont enfin mariĂ©s. DĂ©crivez le jour de leur mariage en mettant les verbes donnĂ©s au passĂ© composĂ© ou Ă  l’imparfait.

Le jour de son mariage, Rosalie 1 (se lever) tĂŽt. AndrĂ© 2 (arriver) vers 9h mais, tout de suite aprĂšs, il 3 (se souvenir) d’une course qu’il 4 (devoir) faire et il 5 (repartir). Il 6 (aller) acheter une nouvelle cravate.

  • Their wedding day, Rosalie got up early. Andre arrived around 9h but very soon after, he remembered

Il 7 (ĂȘtre) 3h quand AndrĂ© 8 (revenir). La cĂ©rĂ©monie 9 (commencer) Ă  4h. Tous les invitĂ©s (guests) 10 (ĂȘtre) dans le jardin. Il 11 (faire) beau et Rosalie et AndrĂ© 12 (ĂȘtre) contents. Rosalie 13 (porter) une jolie robe beige et AndrĂ© 14 (porter) un costume noir. Rosalie 15 (ĂȘtre) trĂšs jolie! AprĂšs la cĂ©rĂ©monie, les amis 16 (rester) et ils 17 (manger) du gĂąteau (cake). Ils 18 (s’amuser) bien quand tout d’un coup il 19 (commencer) Ă  pleuvoir, alors ils 20 (rentrer) dans la maison.

AndrĂ© 21 (partir) et il 22 (revenir) avec assez de chaises pour tout le monde. Vers 8h, les invitĂ©s 23 (partir). AndrĂ© et Rosalie 24 (se regarder) et ils 25 (commencer) Ă  sourire (to smile). Ils 26 (ĂȘtre) fatiguĂ©s mais trĂšs, trĂšs heureux.

Weather is idiomatical

Prof. Chloe Hyden

/