Untitled

Definition: A component of the Monroe Doctrine that asserts U.S. intervention in Latin America under the guise of maintaining stability and order, effectively acting as an international police power in the Western Hemisphere.

Characterization: Described as liberal internationalism, which emphasizes the promotion of democracy and international cooperation.

Definition: A foreign policy approach that emphasizes economic power rather than military intervention, used by President William Howard Taft.
Importance: Know the contrast between Taft's approach (dollar diplomacy) and Wilson's (imperial internationalism or liberal internationalism).

Context: Prior to World War I, the U.S. was not regarded as an imperial power compared to Great Britain and France due to limited colonial holdings.
Industrial Power: The U.S. was recognized as a leading industrial power, while Great Britain held the title of the world’s financial power.
Citizenship: Citizenship was granted to Puerto Ricans, but they were excluded from participating in presidential elections.

Definition: Acronym representing the causes of World War I, consisting of:
- M: Militarism
- A: Alliances
- N: Nationalism
- I: Imperialism
- A: Assassination (specifically referring to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand).
Bonus Question: Knowing the acronym and its components is essential.

Definition: A secret diplomatic communication sent by the German Empire proposing a military alliance with Mexico against the U.S. This was one of the contributing factors to the U.S. entering WWI.

General Belief: Progressives, including influential figures like Boy, believed that investigation, exposure, and education were vital tools in solving societal issues.

Committee on Public Information (CPI): Established to shape public opinion about the war through propaganda.
Legacy: The CPI indirectly contributed to the development of the public relations profession.

Core Objective: The establishment of the League of Nations to maintain peace post-war.
Outcome: The U.S. did not join the League of Nations due to the Senate's rejection of the Treaty of Versailles.

Domestic Repercussions: The war era saw a reduction in civil liberties, highlighted by:
- The conviction of Eugene Debs for anti-war speech.
- The Red Scare: A period marked by political intolerance and fear of communism, exemplified by the Sacco and Vanzetti case.
U.S. Anti-Communist Sentiment: Following the Russian Communist Revolution, the U.S. pursued an anti-communism policy throughout the 20th century.

Election of Warren G. Harding: Won the 1920 election with the campaign slogan "A return to normalcy."
Economic State: The U.S. experienced prosperity; the automobile industry became a backbone of economic growth.
American Plan: An employer's strategy promoting a workplace free from government intervention and union regulations, correlated with a decline in union membership by over 2 million members.
Scandals: Notable events include the Teapot Dome scandal, in which Harding's Secretary of the Interior accepted bribes for government oil reserves.

Feminist Movement: Emphasized personal freedom, including choice of lifestyle.
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA): Intended to eliminate legal distinctions based on sex; ultimately failed to pass.
Censorship: The Hays Code prohibited negative portrayals of businessmen in films.

Lost Generation Writers: Authors like Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald moved to Europe, particularly Paris, for greater freedom of expression.
Scopes Trial: Featured William Jennings Bryant defending Christian beliefs in the controversial trial regarding teaching evolution in schools.

Membership Characterization: Members held respected positions in their communities, with a noticeable increase in recruits from the North and West, not just the South.

Cultural Bloom: An era wherein black culture thrived, highlighting artists like Claude McKay who explored the roots of the black experience.

Election of Herbert Hoover: Won in 1928; established the Wickersham Commission to analyze crime causes and remedies.
Stock Market Crash: The crash led to the Great Depression; Hoover’s response was deemed inadequate, emphasizing a belief that federal aid would weaken American character.

Election of Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR): In 1932, FDR defeated Hoover, influenced by progressive ideas, later promising the New Deal.
Key Issues: Prohibition became a contentious issue dividing the Democrat and Republican platforms.
New Definition of Liberalism: Redefined to signify government efforts aimed at protecting and delivering for the American populace.
First Action Post-Election: FDR addressed the banking crisis immediately upon taking office, leading to the Hundred Days of legislation.

Twenty-First Amendment: Repealed Prohibition, reinstating alcohol sales.
Struck Down Legislation: Two laws were invalidated by the Supreme Court:
- Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) - aimed at raising crop prices by controlling production.
- National Recovery Act (NRA) - designed to stimulate industry recovery through fair wages and working conditions.
Environmental Impact: The Dust Bowl was a significant event, caused by soil erosion that devastated agriculture.

FDR’s Reelection (1936): Continued to push for reforms under the Second New Deal, focusing on economic security.
Fireside Chats: A series of radio addresses where FDR connected the concepts of freedom and economic security.
Southern Democrats' Withdrawal: Southern Democrats began to withdraw support due to fears of increased union membership.
Popular Front Movement: A political movement associated with the Communist Party.
Depression's Conclusion: Ultimately, the New Deal did not end the depression, as it was World War II that generated job growth and revitalized spending, facilitating recovery from economic woes.