The Learning Perspective

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• John B. Watson on the Effects of Learning

  • Quote about training infants to become any type of specialist regardless of their talents or race.

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• The Learning Perspective

  • Personality shaped through learning.

  • Behaviorist theories and social learning theories.

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• Behaviorism

  • Focuses on overt behavior affected by rewards and punishments.

  • Personality linked to environment and learning.

  • Habituations, classical conditioning, and operant conditioning.

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• Habituation

  • Decrease in response to repeated stimulus.

  • Simplest form of learning.

  • Examples: desensitization, violent media.

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• Classical Conditioning

  • Unconditioned response becomes elicited by a new stimulus.

  • Pavlovian conditioning.

  • Requires a reflex.

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• Operant Conditioning

  • Skinner's process of learning through behavior effects.

  • Punishers and reinforcers.

  • Negative/positive reinforcement.

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• Social Learning Theory

  • Learning through modeling and social interactions.

  • Focus on Rotter and Bandura perspectives.

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• Rotter’s Model of Social Learning

  • Concerns decision making and expectations.

  • Internal and external locus of control.

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• Bandura’s Model of Social Learning

  • Emphasizes social nature of learning.

  • Efficacy expectations key for interventions.

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• Bandura’s Model of Social Learning – Observational Learning

  • Learning behavior by observing others.

  • Importance of observational learning.

The Cognitive Perspective

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• The Cognitive Perspective of Personality

  • Focuses on cognitive processes underlying personality.

  • Includes memory, decision making, and mental representations.

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• Memory

  • Semantic and episodic memory.

  • Memories and schemas help in decision-making.

  • Script used for stereotyped events.

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• Priming

  • Activating memory elements.

  • Subliminal and supraliminal priming.

  • Affects thinking, feeling, and behavior.

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• Connectionism

  • Understanding cognition through interconnected neurons.

  • Information processing through neural pathways.

  • Dual-Process Models with effortful and automatic cognition.

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• Variables cognitives de la personne

  • Théorie de la personnalité de Mischel

    • 5 variables cognitives-sociales d'apprentissage de la personne

      • Compétences

      • Stratégies d'encodage et constructions personnelles

      • Attentes

      • Valeurs subjectives

      • Systèmes et plans d'autorégulation

  • Fondation de ce qui deviendra plus tard CAPS

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• Système de traitement cognitif-affectif (CAPS)

  • Conception théorique de la structure de la personnalité

    • Système complexe avec de nombreuses cognitions et tendances émotionnelles interconnectées

  • Rôle important de l'émotion dans la cognition

  • Schémas de personnalité comme contingences Si... alors...

    • Utilisés pour comprendre autrui et soi-même