WEEK-1-ORIGIN-OF-THE-UNIVERSE

STI COLLEGE LUCENA

• Course: Earth and Life Science

• Presented by: Gil Abrera, LPT

• Modified by: Ms. Juvelyn Mae I. Tiay

Lesson Overview

Lesson 1: Origin and Structure of the Earth

• Topics Covered:

  • Universe and Solar System

  • Earth and Earth Subsystem

Objectives

• By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

  • State different hypotheses explaining the origin of the universe and solar system

  • Recognize Earth's uniqueness as the only planet with properties necessary to support life

  • Explain that Earth consists of four subsystems where matter and energy flow

  • Explain current advancements/information about the solar system

  • Show contributions of significant personalities in understanding Earth's systems

  • Identify and differentiate the layers of Earth

  • Demonstrate respect for Earth by advocating for its care

Interactive Activity

Guess the Word

• Instructions:

  • Arrange jumbled letters based on defined clues

  • 15 seconds per clue

  • Raise hand to answer

Key Terminology

Hypothesis

• Definition:

  • An assumption about an expected association

Origin

• Definition:

  • The point or place where something begins or arises

Solar System

• Contains:

  • The Sun

  • Eight planets and their moons

  • Dwarf planets

  • Asteroids and comets

Theory

• Definition:

  • Describes and explains how and why something happens

Earth

• The third planet from the Sun

• The only astronomical object known to harbor life

Scientific Concepts

Scientific Ideas Breakdown

• Hypothesis:

  • An educated guess about an expected association

• Model:

  • A physical representation of an object

• Theory:

  • Explains how and why phenomena occur (e.g., theory of evolution)

• Law:

  • Describes actions under specific circumstances without explaining why (e.g., law of evolution)

Cosmology

• Definition:

  • Study of the universe, including its properties, structure, and evolution

Origin of the Universe

Creationist Theory

• Belief that God created the universe from nothing, traced back to the Book of Genesis

Big Bang Theory

• Concept that the universe began from a single point and has been expanding ever since

• Proponent: Georges Lemaître

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)

• Afterglow of the Big Bang

• Evidence of the universe's expansion and early conditions

Timeline after Big Bang

1. Temperature initially around 10^32 Kelvin

2. Cosmic structure forms over millennia

3. Formation of first stars and galaxies

4. Formation of the Sun and then Earth

Hubble's Discovery

• Edwin Hubble (1929):

  • Discovered "redshift," demonstrating galaxies are moving away from each other

• Evidence of an expanding universe

Cosmological Theories

Steady-State Theory

• Universe has always been the same, with constant matter creation

• Proponent: Fred Hoyle

Oscillating Universe Theory

• Describes cyclical expansion (Big Bang) and contraction (Big Crunch) of the universe

• Proponent: Paul Steinhardt

Origin of the Solar System

Encounter Hypothesis

• The solar system formed from a near collision between a star and the Sun

• Proponent: Georges Leclerc, Comte de Buffon

Protoplanet Hypothesis

• Formation from a rotating mass of gas and dust leading to planet formation

• Proponent: Gerard P. Kuiper

Nebular Hypothesis

• Solar System evolved from a slowly rotating gaseous cloud

• Formation of planets from a spinning disc of material

• Proponents: Immanuel Kant, Marquis Laplace

Quiz and Assignment

Quiz #1

• True/False statements related to topics discussed

Assignment

• Research contributions of key scientists in Earth Science

• Group activity due February 7, 2025

Rubrics

• Written Work (70%): Content, Group Collaboration, Format & Grammar

• Oral Presentation (30%): Style, Clarity, Preparedness