Chapter 9 Solubility Rules & Precipitation

What is a precipitate? An insoluble solid that forms from a reaction.

What is a precipitation reaction? A reaction that forms a precipitate.

Why does water dissolve ionic compounds? Because water is polar.

What is hydration? Water molecules surrounding dissolved ions.

What is solubility? The maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a solvent.

Compounds containing NO3− are generally what? Soluble.

Compounds containing Group 1 ions are generally what? Soluble.

Compounds containing NH4+ are generally what? Soluble.

Most chlorides (Cl−) are what? Soluble.

Most bromides (Br−) are what? Soluble.

Most iodides (I−) are what? Soluble.

Exceptions to soluble halides? Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+.

Most sulfates are what? Soluble.

Exceptions to sulfate solubility? BaSO4, PbSO4, CaSO4.

Carbonates (CO32−) are generally what? Insoluble.

Phosphates (PO43−) are generally what? Insoluble.

Hydroxides (OH−) are generally what? Insoluble.

What is a molecular equation? Shows compounds as complete formulas.

What is an ionic equation? Shows strong electrolytes as ions.

What is a net ionic equation? Shows only species involved in the reaction.