The Arrival of the English

==John Cabot==

• He sailed to the New World with funding from Henry VII to the Northwest
• It took the English almost a century to colonize just like the Spanish

The Commerce Incentive

@@The Enclosure Movement@@

• Tenants used to help with sheep in a growing wool trade
• Dispersed farmers, lack of land for crops, and growing populations caused problems for Europe

$Charted Companies$

• Merchants were able to grow through foreign trade of cloth.
• They were even able to eventually create companies
• Mercantilism says that the economy relies on the entire nation, so wealth should come from foreign lands and not the home country.

%%Mercantilism%%

• Mercantilism helped immensely in the economy of Europe.
• This made colonies look like a good idea since goods didn’t need to be bought from other countries

^^Richard Hakluyt’s Argument For Colonies^^

• New colonies can open markets to merchants and move the overflowing poor out of the country

The Religious Incentive

==Doctrine of Pre-Destination==

• John Calvin, a theologist who reformed catholicism wrote the doctrine of predestination
• Salvation was predestined, and the way you lead life can show you what you are destined for, so a good life meant salvation and vice versa

@@English Reformation@@

• The English church was formed by Henry VIII because he was denied a divorce.
• Mary Tudor later came to the throne and reforged the alliance with the church.
• After her death, Elizabeth came to the throne and restored the church of England.
• Puritans wanted to reform the church of England

$Puritan Separatists$

• Separatists wanted to worship independently, which was against Anglican laws
• Puritans were against Anglican laws because of this

%%Puritan Discontent%%

• James I ascending to the throne caused more anger in the Puritans
• He clearly showed favor towards English Catholics, which influenced Puritans toward the New World

The English in Ireland

^^Subjugation of Ireland^^

• The English looked at the Irish as barbaric and in need of subordination
• The English were vicious towards them

==The Plantation Model==

• English colonizers built plantations to live in that were away from the natives
• Later, they realized it was difficult to keep distance from them

The French and Dutch in America

@@Coureus de Bois@@

• The French made close connections with the Natives and even had a fur trade with them
• The Indians benefited from this and the French only acted as trading partners
• Indian women and French men even intermarried

$Henry Hudson$

• The Netherlands was the leading trading nation at the time
• Henry Hudson helped the Dutch claim land near New York

%%New Amsterdam%%

• The Dutch were able to maintain fur trading
• Dutch West India Company helped to transport people to the Americas
• Though the area was diverse, it was small and not well governed

The First English Empire

^^The Spanish Armada^^

• The English managed to take control of the Atlantic from Spain
• Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh got patents to lands in the New World

==Gilberts Expedition to the Newfoundland==

• While going on his expedition, a storm struck his ship causing him to be lost at sea
• Raleigh sent some men to the New World and they came back and spoke about Roanoke
• He went himself this time with the help of Elizabeth and private investigators

Roanoke

@@The First Roanoke Colon@@y

• Raleigh and men from plantations in Ireland set sail to Roanoke and established a colony
• However, when Sir Francis Drake came, colonists decided to go back with him
• Raleigh tried to establish a colony again, and John White commanded it
• White left the colony again for 3 years, but when he came back it disappeared
• It is now known as the “Lost Colony”

$New Colonial Charters$

• James I gave Plymouth merchants the North and London merchants the South of the New World for trading and colonizing purposes