Spanish 1 EOC

# Spanish I Study Guide: Units 4, 5, & 6

Source Material: Avancemos Level 1 (Lección 1 & Lección 2 Summary Sheets)

## UNIT 4: Shopping, Dining, & Entertainment

### Lección 1: Shopping & Clothing

#### Vocabulary

* Talk About Shopping: el centro comercial (shopping center, mall), ¿Cuánto cuesta(n)? (How much does it/do they cost?), Cuesta(n)... (It costs.../They cost...), el dinero (money), el dólar (dollar), el euro (euro), ir de compras (to go shopping), pagar (to pay), el precio (price), la tienda (store).

* Describe Clothing: la blusa (blouse), los calcetines (socks), la camisa (shirt), la camiseta (T-shirt), la chaqueta (jacket), feo(a) (ugly), el gorro (winter hat), los jeans (jeans), llevar (to wear), nuevo(a) (new), los pantalones (pants), los pantalones cortos (shorts), la ropa (clothing), el sombrero (hat), el vestido (dress), los zapatos (shoes).

* Colors: amarillo(a) (yellow), anaranjado(a) (orange), azul (blue), blanco(a) (white), marrón / pl. marrones (brown), negro(a) (black), rojo(a) (red), verde (green).

* Discuss Seasons: la estación / pl. las estaciones (season), el invierno (winter), el otoño (autumn, fall), la primavera (spring), el verano (summer).

* Expressions with Tener: tener calor (to be hot), tener frío (to be cold), tener razón (to be right), tener suerte (to be lucky).

* Other Words/Phrases: durante (during), cerrar (ie) (to close), empezar (ie) (to begin), entender (ie) (to understand), pensar (ie) (to think, to plan), preferir (ie) (to prefer), querer (ie) (to want).

#### Gramática

* Stem-Changing Verbs (e \rightarrow ie): The final e of the stem changes to ie in all forms except nosotros(as) and vosotros(as).

* Example (querer): quiero, quieres, quiere, queremos, queréis, quieren.

* Direct Object Pronouns: Used to replace direct object nouns.

|---|---|---|---|

| me | me | nos | us |

| te | you (*familiar*) | os | you (*familiar*) |

| lo | you (*formal*), him, it | los | you, them |

| la | you (*formal*), her, it | las | you, them |

### Lección 2: Dining & Getting Around Town

#### Vocabulary

* Describe Places in Town: el café (café), el centro (center, downtown), el cine (movie theater), el parque (park), el restaurante (restaurant), el teatro (theater).

* Describe Events in Town: el concierto (concert), las entradas (tickets), la música rock (rock music), la película (movie), la ventanilla (ticket window).

* Getting Around Town: a pie (by foot), la calle (street), en autobús (by bus), en coche (by car), encontrar (ue) (to find), tomar (to take).

* In a Restaurant / For Dinner: el(la) camarero(a) (food server), costar (ue) (to cost), la cuenta (bill), de postre (for dessert), el menú (menu), la mesa (table), el plato principal (main course), la propina (tip).

* *Food items:* el arroz (rice), el bistec (beef), el brócoli (broccoli), la carne (meat), la ensalada (salad), los frijoles (beans), el pastel (cake), la patata (potato), el pescado (fish), el pollo (chicken), el tomate (tomato), las verduras (vegetables).

* Ordering from a Menu: pedir (i) (to order, to ask for), servir (i) (to serve).

* Other Words/Phrases: allí (there), almorzar (ue) (to eat lunch), aquí (here), dormir (ue) (to sleep), el lugar (place), poder (ue) (to be able, can), tal vez (perhaps, maybe), ver (to see), volver (ue) (to return, to come back).

#### Gramática

* Stem-Changing Verbs (o \rightarrow ue): The last o of the stem changes to ue in all forms except nosotros(as) and vosotros(as).

* Example (poder): puedo, puedes, puede, podemos, podéis, pueden.

* Stem-Changing Verbs (e \rightarrow i): The last e of the stem changes to i in all forms except nosotros(as) and vosotros(as).

* Example (servir): sirvo, sirves, sirve, servimos, servís, sirven.

## UNIT 5: Home, Chores, & Celebrations

### Lección 1: House, Furniture, & Ordinal Numbers

#### Vocabulary

* Describe a House: el apartamento (apartment), el armario (closet; armoire), bajar (to descend), la casa (house), la cocina (kitchen), el comedor (dining room), el cuarto (room; bedroom), la escalera (stairs), ideal (ideal), el jardín / pl. los jardines (garden), el patio (patio), el piso (floor of a building), la planta baja (ground floor), la sala (living room), subir (to go up), el suelo (floor of a room).

* Furniture: la alfombra (rug), la cama (bed), la cómoda (dresser), las cortinas (curtains), el espejo (mirror), la lámpara (lamp), los muebles (furniture), el sillón / pl. los sillones (armchair), el sofá (sofa, couch).

* Describe Household Items: la cosa (thing), el disco compacto (compact disc), el lector DVD (DVD player), el radio (radio), el televisor (television set), el tocadiscos compactos (CD player), los videojuegos (video games).

* Ordinal Numbers: primero(a) (first), segundo(a) (second), tercero(a) (third), cuarto(a) (fourth), quinto(a) (fifth), sexto(a) (sixth), séptimo(a) (seventh), octavo(a) (eighth), noveno(a) (ninth), décimo(a) (tenth).

#### Gramática

* Ser vs. Estar: Both mean to be.

* Use ser: Origin, personal traits/physical characteristics, professions, possession, and telling time/date.

* Use estar: Location and physical/emotional conditions.

* Ordinal Numbers Usage: Must agree in number and gender with the noun they modify and are placed before nouns.

* *Rule:* Primero and tercero drop the final -o before a masculine singular noun (e.g., el primer piso).

### Lección 2: Parties, Gifts, & Chores

#### Vocabulary

* Plan a Party: bailar (to dance), cantar (to sing), celebrar (to celebrate), dar una fiesta (to give a party), las decoraciones (decorations), decorar (to decorate), la fiesta de sorpresa (surprise party), el globo (balloon), los invitados (guests), invitar a (to invite someone), salir (to leave, to go out), el secreto (secret), venir (to come).

* Talk About Gifts: abrir (to open), buscar (to look for), envolver (ue) (to wrap), el papel de regalo (wrapping paper), recibir (to receive), el regalo (gift), traer (to bring).

* Talk About Chores and Responsibilities: acabar de... (to have just...), ayudar (to help), barrer el suelo (to sweep the floor), cocinar (to cook), cortar el césped (to cut the grass), darle de comer al perro (to feed the dog), deber (should, ought to), hacer la cama (to make the bed), lavar los platos (to wash the dishes), limpiar (la cocina) (to clean the kitchen), limpio(a) (clean), pasar la aspiradora (to vacuum), planchar la ropa (to iron), poner la mesa (to set the table), los quehaceres (chores), sacar la basura (to take out the trash), sucio(a) (dirty).

* Other Words and Phrases: decir (to say, to tell), hay que (one has to, one must), poner (to put, to place), si (if), todavía (still; yet).

#### Gramática

* Irregular Present Tense Verbs:

* Full Irregulars (decir & venir):

* decir: digo, dices, dice, decimos, decís, dicen

* venir: vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, venís, vienen

* *Yo-Form Irregulars:* dar \rightarrow doy, poner \rightarrow pongo, salir \rightarrow salgo, traer \rightarrow traigo.

* Affirmative tú Commands: Regular commands share the same form as the él/ella present tense form (e.g., ¡Lava los platos!, ¡Barre el suelo!, ¡Abre la puerta!).

* Irregular Affirmative tú Commands:

## UNIT 6: Sports, Health, & The Preterite

### Lección 1: Sports & Entertainment

#### Vocabulary

* Sports: el básquetbol (basketball), el béisbol (baseball), el fútbol americano (football), nadar (to swim), la natación (swimming), patinar (to skate), patinar en línea (to in-line skate), el tenis (tennis), el voleibol (volleyball).

* Sports Equipment: el bate (bat), el casco (helmet), el guante (glove), los patines en línea (in-line skates), la pelota (ball), la raqueta (racket).

* Talk About Sports: comprender las reglas (to understand the rules), favorito(a) (favorite), ganar (to win), el partido (game), peligroso(a) (dangerous), perder (ie) (to lose).

* Locations and People: los aficionados (fans), el(la) atleta (athlete), el campeón / pl. los campeones, la campeona (champion), el campo (field), la cancha (court), el equipo (team), el estadio (stadium), el(la) ganador(a) (winner), el(la) jugador(a) (player), la piscina (swimming pool).

#### Gramática

* The Verb jugar: A stem-changing verb where u changes to ue (*juego, juegas, juega, jugamos, jugáis, juegan*).

* Rule: When tracking a sport, use the construction jugar a + sport (e.g., jugar al fútbol).

* Saber vs. Conocer: Both mean to know.

* Use saber: For factual information, or followed by an infinitive to express knowing how to do something. Irregular yo form: sé.

* Use conocer: For familiarity with a person or place, or meeting someone for the first time. Irregular yo form: conozco.

### Lección 2: Health, Body Parts, & The Past Tense

#### Vocabulary

* Talk About Staying Healthy: enfermo(a) (sick), fuerte (strong), herido(a) (hurt), levantar pesas (to lift weights), la salud (health), sano(a) (healthy).

* Parts of the Body: la boca (mouth), el brazo (arm), la cabeza (head), el corazón / pl. los corazones (heart), el cuerpo (body), el estómago (stomach), la mano (hand), la nariz / pl. las narices (nose), el ojo (eye), la oreja (ear), el pie (foot), la piel (skin), la pierna (leg), la rodilla (knee), el tobillo (ankle).

* Outdoor Activities: el bloqueador de sol (sunscreen), bucear (to scuba-dive), caminar (to walk), hacer esquí acuático (to water-ski), el mar (sea), la playa (beach), tomar el sol (to sunbathe).

* Make Excuses: doler (ue) (to hurt, to ache), Lo siento (I'm sorry).

* Other Words and Phrases: anoche (last night), ayer (yesterday), comenzar (ie) (to begin), terminar (to end), ¿Qué hiciste (tú)? (What did you do?), ¿Qué hicieron ustedes? (What did you do?).

#### Gramática

* Preterite of Regular -ar Verbs: Used to express past actions. To form it, add past endings to the verb stem.

* Example (nadar):

| Singular | Plural |

|---|---|

| nad**é** | nad**amos** |

| nad**aste** | nad**asteis** |

| nad**ó** | nad**aron** |

* Preterite of -car, -gar, -zar Verbs: Regular verbs ending in these letters feature a orthographic spelling change strictly in the yo form to maintain correct pronunciation:

* -car becomes -qué \rightarrow buscar \rightarrow busqué

* -gar becomes -gué \rightarrow jugar \rightarrow jugué

* -zar becomes -cé \rightarrow almorzar \rightarrow almorcé