Chapter1-Web Infrastructure and Technologies (1)

CLO1: Key Components of the World Wide Web

  • Understanding the foundational elements and technologies part of the Web infrastructure.

Document Revision Control (DRC)

  • Versioning Information:

    • 1.0: Author SCTL, Effective Date 202010, Change: Define the first version.

    • 1.1: Author Nourchene Benayed, Effective Date 202210, Change: Restructure the slides.

    • 2.0: Author Nourchene Benayed, Effective Date 202330, Change: Apply the 5Es method.

Lecture Notes Overview

  • Based on recommended textbooks and additional materials.

  • Encouragement to read specified pages from e-textbook Chapters.

Lecture Outline

  • Topics Included:

    • Internet vs. Web

    • Internet History

    • Client-Server Model

    • Web Technologies and Trends

    • Website Design Challenges

    • Publishing Websites

Lesson Objectives

  • Explain the difference between the Internet and the Web.

  • Describe the evolution of the Web: Web 1.0, Web 2.0, Web 3.0.

  • Comprehend concepts such as Client/Server Model, Web Client, Web Server, HTTP/HTTPS, URL, DNS, TLD, Web Standards, and Publishing Websites.

Difference Between Internet and Web

  • The terms Internet and Web are distinct; clarification on each concept is important.

Uses of the Internet and the Web

  • Identify varied applications and purposes that the Internet and the Web serve in daily life.

What is the Internet?

  • Definition: A global network of interconnected computer networks that communicates via standard software.

  • Key Components:

    • ISP: Providers of Internet connectivity e.g., Du, Etisalat in UAE.

    • Data transmission methods: Dial-up, DSL, Cable, Wireless, dedicated connections.

Internet History Timeline

  • 1960-1969: Development of packet-switching technology; ARPAnet created.

  • 1970-1979: TCP/IP protocol developed.

  • 1980-1989: TCP/IP adopted; significant increase in connected devices.

  • 1990-1999: Introduction of HTML and the Internet opened to the public.

  • 2000-2009: Rise of social networking sites such as Facebook.

  • 2010-2019: Launch of 5G networks; major increase of global Internet users.

World Wide Web Importance

  • The transition from a niche service to a widespread platform reaching 50 million users rapidly after public accessibility.

What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?

  • Initiated by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989; a system of linked documents accessible via browsers.

  • Core Technologies:

    • HTML: The markup language for creating web pages.

Web Technologies

  • HTML: Basic structure of web pages.

  • CSS: Styles web pages.

  • JavaScript, JQuery, AJAX: Enhance interactivity of web pages.

Internet vs. Web

  • Explanation of how the Web operates on top of the Internet infrastructure.

Client-Server Model for Web Communication

  • Describes interactions between web clients (browsers) and web servers (software).

Web Client

  • Web browsers serving as the client-side software to request and receive web pages.

Web Server

  • Server software that remains connected, responds to requests by sending web pages and other files.

Communications Between Web Client and Web Server

  • Request cycle: URL entry, DNS check, HTTP request sent to Web Server, and HTTP response received.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

  • Basis for communication between browsers and servers, with HTTPS providing secure connections.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

  • Definition and structure including domain, path, and access method.

Top-Level Domain (TLD) Names

  • Overview of TLDs and their intended uses with examples (e.g. .com, .org).

Web Terminology

  • Definitions of important concepts such as web clients, web servers, URLs, DNS, HTTP, and HTML.

Evaluating Your Understanding

  • Utilizing interactive quizzes and assessments to reinforce learning.

Web Trends and Evolution

  • Differentiation between Web 1.0 (static), Web 2.0 (interactive), and Web 3.0 (intelligent services).

Types of Websites

  • Classifications based on functionality: static vs dynamic.

  • Classifications based on content/purpose: informational, blogs, e-commerce, forums, etc.

Web and Rich Internet Applications

  • Distinctions between websites and web applications, including examples and functionalities.

Designing Considerations

  • Challenges associated with responsive design and browser compatibility.

Web Standards

  • Role of W3C in developing web standards and guidelines for web accessibility.

Publishing a Website

  • Steps involved in establishing an online presence: domain registration, hosting options, and site upload processes.

Key Terms Summary

  • Recap of essential terminology pertinent to understanding the Internet and Web.

  • Key Terms: Internet, Web 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, Web Client, Web Server, URL, TLD, DNS, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, HTTP/HTTPS, TCP/IP.