china

China

Period 1

East Asia

Great Wall of China - protects the border

Traditional Chinese values

  • Confucianism

  • Leader above people

  • Men above women

  • Value education

    • Chinese people can take a civil service exam to get a high-level bureaucratic job, which gives them social mobility

  • Dislike distrust all foreign people, products, and literally everything

China

  • China was taken over by the Mongol empire in 13th-century Mongols created the Yuan dynasty

    • The only time in China when foreigners rule

    • Yuan is controlled by Kublai Khan who attempts to build in with the Chinese by dressing like them and adaptation their traditions and beliefs

    • Chinese people constantly want Mongol foreigners out

    • Kublai get rid of the civil service exams and replace Chinese workers with Mongols

    • The Yuan dynasty lasted 100 years but is eventually overthrown and replaced by the Ming dynasty

Indian Ocean trading network in China

  • Chinese trade products include:

    • Gun powder

    • Silk 

    • Porcelain

Zheng he

  • Explores the Indian Ocean trading network with massive ships and advanced technology

  • The goal of exploration is to see what other regions/nations are doing in terms of tech and culture

  • Don't want to spread Chinese cultural diffusion or establish cities

  • After 25-plus years he and the Ming emperor decides that China is the superior country in the world

  • Then they close themselves off and isolate themselves for 300-plus years

  • Ships are burnt and destroyed by the Ming emperor upon Zheng he death 

Period 2

China is isolated

Qing dynasty - overthrow the ming

  • Qing is northern Chinese who are not liked by southern Chinese and will force their customs traditions hairstyles and fashion on them

  • Khang - allows Western missionaries into China

  • Was interested in all cultures and ideas

Qianlong - Allows the British to have access to one port city (canton) 

Period 3

Imperialism

  • Britain takes China when given access to the canton

  • Britain eventually started bringing opium through this or that they found in India which begins centuries-long drug problems in China

  • Chinese government attempt to stop the British from this but finally have to go to canton and eventually have to take the opium out of the warehouses and throw it in the water

The British take this as an act of war which begins the Opium war

  • British dominant war die to advanced milt tech (warships, china has no navy)

  • The war ends with the treaty of Nanjing or Hanging end war and gives the British access to five more ports in China and hong kong

Next thing Taiping rebellion

  • Southern Chinese are very angry with the northern qing government because they allowed the British more access to China as well not stop the opium problem

  • Southern Chinese (taiping) rebel against the qing and are led by the Christian leader (Hong)

  • The Taiping is very successful early on and conquer territories and call it the Heavenly kingdom 

  • Eventually the British come to the military aid of the Qing government and defeat the Taiping

The results of rebellion are 

  • Tens of millions of deaths and the British had greater control over China as well the Chinese people disliked both the British and the Qing government 

  • By the 1890s the empresses of China XiXi promotes China to return to its isolated and traditional ways and allows a group called the harmonious order of the fist (boxers)

    • Anti western Chinese 

    • allowed to commit acts of violence against Europeans which begin the boxer rebellion (1900) 

    • The British in response created a Western coalition army - british french germans americans

    • Who then invade China to crush the rebellion and overthrow Empress XiXi

    • Boxer rebellion create the spears of influence - each country get a part of China's coast

China becomes an open-door policy

Chinese migration

Many Chinese leave China due to all the chaos and settle in large industrial cities and create china towns 

Period 4

Sun Yat-sen - leader of the 1911 revolution that overthrows the Qing dynasty 

The goal of Sun was to modernize and industrialize China and create traditional values

Also wants to unify a very fragmented country

Interwar years

  • Chiang Kai Shek (a Sun follower who wants China to follow the japan meiji restoration) vs Mao Zedong (a poor peasants farmer who was like the majority of Chinese communism) fight over the control of China

Chinese civil war 

  • Fight over whose ideas should govern China, chiang initially dominants mao due to milt experience and greater milt tech

  • Mao retreats to the mountains (the long march) and chiang goes to deal with the more significant threat of Japan (they invade China)

Sino-Japanese war

  • Japan who is practicing imperialism invaded northern China through Korea in 1931

  • Japan conquers most of northern China and makes there way towards the middle while committing horrible racist atrocious acts against the Chinese people including (the rape of Nanking)

  • Mao and Chiang join forces to fight Japan

  • Japan eventually loses at the end of world war II in 1945 with the help of the allies (the USA, the soviet union, and England)

World War II - Japan invades China and is eventually defeated by its allies in 1945

Cold war

Civil war resumed between Chiang and Mao immediately after world war II from 1945 to 1949 

  • Mao ze dong wins in 1949 and establishes China as a communist country called the People's Republic of China

  • Chiang de Shek loses and flees China and established his westernized island taiwan which he calls the Republic of China

Economic and Political Policies

  • He immediately goes about changing the economic system to communism first following the Soviet Union stalin' styled successful five-year plan 

  • 1958 he then creates a new economic plan called 

The Great Leap Forward 

Disastrous for China and Mao and leads to the death of tens of millions of Chinese people through famine and starvation as well as left Mao being questioned by many people for his leadership style

Mao then implements the freedom of speech movement 

Hundred Flower Campaign

  • many people begin to openly question Mao and his policies to which now mao can identify his political opponents

  • To go after them and to maintain political control over China Mao from 1966 to 1976 (when he dies) allows young (brainwashed, little red book) students (red guards) to attack these people during The Cultural Revolution 

Leaves china in political economic and social chaos

Deng Xiaoping 

  • New communist leader in China after Mao reforms the country through the four modernizations which he goes about changing the economic system of the country from communism to capitalism

  • To implement this change Deng convinces many Western companies to build factories in China and allow China's low-wage unskilled workforce to produce many Western products for cheap (made in China)

  • Deng changes China's demographics by making farmers move into cities (urbanization) to become factory workers

  • Chinese people have the economic freedom to wear what they want eat what they want and buy what they want but still do not have political freedom

  • The last democratic rally in China happened in 1989 at Tiananmen which ended with the Chinese military open firing on the revolters (tank men)

Globalization - Today china has the world's second-largest economy but also produces the largest amount of pollution china does not involve itself with many countries who are attempting green nations and reduce carbon impressions