DNA gene therapy sequence

DNA: the DNA in the nucleus of a cell is called the Genome. it contains around 20k protein coding genes.


dna

RNA transcription: RNA polymerase transcribes a gene’s DNA into an RNA transcript with a complementary sequence.

  • RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA strand.

  • Introns are segments of an RNA transcript that are removed during splicing. They are not part of the mature mRNA and do not get translated into protein.

  • Exons are segments of an RNA transcript that code for the final protein product. During splicing, exons are joined together to form mature mRNA that can be translated into protein.

  • Ribonucleic acid, or RNA, is a nucleic acid that plays a role in many biological functions. It is composed of four nucleotide bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil). The RNA transcript is the complementary copy of the DNA strand transcribed by RNA polymerase.


RNA splicing: RNA transcript is edited via splicing. a protein complex called Spliceosome. it trims out introns and splices together extrons to make a mature mRNA

  • The spliceosome is a large protein complex that edits the primary RNA transcript to produce mature mRNA. It binds to the transcript to remove introns and splice together exons.


mRNA transport: the mRNA is transported from the nucleus of the cytoplasm of the cell.

  • mRNA serves as an intermediate copy of the info contained in DNA before its translated to protein. its made by splicing primary RNA transcript, and its sequence of nucleotide bases becomes a template for amino acid sequence in proteins.


Translation: the ribosome translated mRNA code into amino acids. special tRNA’s bring AA’s into ribosome, which assembles them into a growing peptide chain.

  • ribosome is a large protein-RNA complex in the cytoplasm. It binds to mRNA and translates its sequence into a chain of polypeptides.

  • tRNA is a molecules that is specific to a particular amino acid. Each tRNA recognizes a triplet nucleotide sequence (codon) along the mRNA and carries the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome to add to a growing polypeptide chain.

  • polypeptide is a chain of amino acids. The sequence of amino acids is determined by the sequence of nucleotide bases in a segment of DNA (the gene), with mRNA as the intermediate.


protein processing: the complete polypeptide chain is folded & assembled into a 3D functional protein. takes place in cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus