Changing Populations Vocab

  • North South Divide - Comparing the northern and southern hemispheres

  • HIC - High income countries

  • LIC - Low income countries

  • MDC - Most developed countries

  • LDC - least developed countries

  • Development gap - disparity between the rich and poor

  • OPEC - organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

  • G7/G20 - Biggest economies in the world (G70) top 7 top 20 economies

  • Place - Where are people living - push and pull factors

  • Distribution

  • Density - number of things in an area

  • Agricultural Density - total number of farmers per unit of farmable land

  • Arithmetic Density - human resident to land area

  • Carrying Capacity - number of people one place can support

  • Census - a study of the people in an area

  • Child mortality rate - number of babies who die before the age of five per thousand live births each year

  • Cornucopian theory - Population growth is a good thing

  • Crude birth rate - number of babies born each year per 1000

  • Crude death rate - number of deaths per 1000

  • Demographic transition - how a country changes over time

  • Demography - study of human population

  • Dependency ratio - the amount of working to non working people

  • Doubling time - number of time for a population to double

  • Ecumene - inhabited land

  • Emigration/immigration - people who leave and people who are in a new countries

  • Infant mortality rate - number of babies who die before the age of one per thousand live births each year

  • J-curve - sudden acceleration (exponential growth)

  • Life expectancy - estimate span of life

  • Malthusian theory - population and food relationship

  • Natalist - promote and support human reproduction

  • Natural increase rate - higher birth rate than death rate

  • Overpopulation - too many people for one area

  • Physiological density - total population per unit of arable land

  • Population center - main point of population

  • Population pyramid - a model that shows population in regards to the different sexes

  • Push/ pull factors - things that attract and defer people from a location

  • Refugee - someone who left their country due to forced migration

  • S-curve - logistic growth

  • Sex ratio - females to males

  • Total fertility rate

  • Urbanization - more people move to cities or towns

  • Suburbanization - more people around a city or town

  • Zero population growth - equilibrium

  • LEDC - Less economically developed country

  • NIC - Newly industrialized country

  • Migration - people moving from one place to another but not forever

  • Population momentum

  • Population projection - what the population might become based on knowledge of the present and past0

  • Megacity - 10 million people or more (bright lights syndrome

  • Forced migration - people have to leave their home due to conflict or unsafe situations

  • Trafficking - buying or selling goods illegally

  • Demographic dividend - the economic growth that can occur when there is change in economic ages

Stage 1: No Countries

Stage 2: Bolivia, Uganda, Afghanistan

Stage 3: India, South Africa, UAE, Jamaica

Stage 4: Brazil, Canada, US, most of Europe, China

Stage 5: Japan is the closest country to stage

Challenges: of changing populations

  • Aging population 

  • Human trafficking 

  • Financial disparity 

  • Homelessness

  • Human rights

Human Trafficking: often found in LDCs and megacities

  • 21 million victims around the world 

  • 40% are forced to do work 

  • 53% exploited in sex industry

  • 12 countries for organ removal 

  • 7% petty crime and children are in armed conflict 

  • 40% of countries convicted fewer than 10 traffickers 

Opportunities:

Demographic Dividend - infrastructure improves

core - periphery model - identifies and explains spatial differences

How to read the Lorenz curve