biosensors

SENSORS

Overview of Sensor Applications

• Medicine & Diagnostics: Crucial for health monitoring.

• Biodefense: Detect biological threats.

• Food Monitoring: Ensures safety and quality.

• Military: For surveillance and target detection.

• Drug Biosensors: Monitor drug levels in the body.

• Industrial: Used in manufacturing processes.

• Environmental: Assess ecological parameters.

• Agriculture: Enhances efficient farming practices.

Types of Sensors

• Mechanical: Detect physical changes.

• Optical: Use light for detection.

Sensing Techniques

• Transducer: Converts measurements to electrical signals. Affected by analytes (substances measured).

Classification of Sensors

• Biosensors: Use biological molecules.

• Chemo-sensors: Use chemically derived molecules.

• Conductometric Sensors: Measure solution conductivity (contact and contactless modes).

Electrochemical Sensors

• Detect gases, measure pH, conductivity. Include potentiometric, amperometric, and conductometric types.

• Components: gas permeable membrane, electrodes (e.g., platinum), and electrolyte.

Thermometric Sensors

• Detect temperature, include thermocouples, infrared sensors, and liquid thermometers.

Optical Sensors

• Detect light properties, based on the photoelectric effect. Applications include ambient light sensors and pulse oximeters to measure blood oxygen levels.