Domain Bacteria

• Prokaryotic Cellular Organization: Bacteria lack a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelle structures

• , which distinguishes them from eukaryotic cells that contain these organized structures. This simple cellular organization allows bacteria to rapidly adapt and thrive in a variety of environments.

• Their genetic material is located in a region called the nucleoid, and they typically reproduce asexually through binary fission, enabling swift population increases.

Cellular Morphology

• Cocci: Spherical or round shape (e.g., Streptococcus, Staphylococcus).

• Bacilli: Rod-shaped cells (e.g., Escherichia coli, Bacillus anthracis).

• Spirilla and Spirochetes: Spiral, helical, or flexible wavy cells (e.g., Treponema pallidum).

• Vibrios: Curved or comma-shaped rods (e.g., Vibrio cholerae).