Comprehensive Guide to Present Simple Grammar, Wh-Questions, and Preference Verbs

Present Simple Questions and Negatives

• Auxiliary Verbs for Questions: Present simple questions are formed using the auxiliary verbs do or does.
• Auxiliary Verbs for Negatives: Present simple negative statements are formed using don't ($\text{do not}$) or doesn't ($\text{does not}$).

Spelling Rules for Third-Person Singular Verbs

• General Rule: Most verbs add $-s$ when conjugated for third-person singular subjects ($\text{he}$, $\text{she}$, $\text{it}$).
  • learns
  • works
  • lives
  • walks
• Verbs Ending in $-o$, $-s$, $-ch$, $-x$, or $-zz$: Add $-es$ to the end of the verb.
  • goes (from go)
  • misses (from miss)
  • watches (from watch)
  • fixes (from fix)
  • buzzes (from buzz)
• Verbs Ending in Consonant + $-y$: Remove the $-y$ and add $-ies$.
  • studies (from study)
  • carries (from carry)

Irregular Verbs: Have and Be

• Conjugation of the Verb Have:
  • Subjects I, you, we, they: have
  • Subjects he, she, it: has
• Conjugation of the Verb Be:
  • Subject I: am
  • Subjects you, we, they: are
  • Subjects he, she, it: is

Formation and Structure of Wh-Questions

• Definition and Purpose: Wh-questions start with question words including what, who, where, why, when, which, and how. They are used to ask for specific information.
• Compound Question Phrases with How: Other words can be combined with how to form specialized question phrases:
  • how old
  • how much
  • how often
  • how far
  • how long
• Standard Wh-Question Word Order:
  • Wh-questions are typically structured using the following order: $\text{Question Word} + \text{Auxiliary / Modal Verb} + \text{Subject} + \text{Main Verb}$
  • Structure breakdown examples:
  • Where (Question Word) + do (Auxiliary) + you (Subject) + live (Main Verb)?
  • What (Question Word) + does (Auxiliary) + she (Subject) + want (Main Verb)?
  • When (Question Word) + can (Modal) + [I / you / he / she / it / we / they] (Subject) + go (Main Verb)?
• Exception Rule for Main Verb Be:
  • When the verb be acts as the main verb of the sentence, no auxiliary verb is used, and the standard word order changes.
  • Main verb be structural formula: $\text{Question Word} + \text{Main Verb (be)} + \text{Subject}$
  • Examples:
  • Who are you?
  • What are their names?
  • Where is he from?

Verbs Expressing Likes, Dislikes, and Preferences

• Follow-up Structural Rules: Preference verbs—such as love, like, don't mind, don't like, and hate—can be followed by either of two grammatical forms:
  • A Noun:
  • Example: Daniel doesn't like cold weather.
  • Example: I hate PE.
  • A Verb + -ing (Gerund):
  • Example: They love playing video games.
  • Example: I don't mind doing homework.
• Synonymous Expressions and Usage:
  • Dislike: Used in the same way as don't like ($\text{dislike} = \text{don't like}$).
  • Example: I dislike running.
  • Enjoy: Used in the same way as like ($\text{enjoy} = \text{like}$).
  • Example: I enjoy painting and drawing.
  • Can't stand: Used in the same way as hate ($\text{can't stand} = \text{hate}$).
  • Example: I can't stand the smell of fish!

Word Ordering Exercises and Practice Prompts

• Question Unscrambling Exercises:
  • Prompt 1: How/she/Martin / know / does
  • Formed Question: How does she know Martin?
  • Prompt 2: you/do/Where/live
  • Formed Question: Where do you live?
  • Prompt 3: does/the coat / How/ much / cost
  • Formed Question: How much does the coat cost?
  • Prompt 4: your/do/mum / What / does
  • Formed Question: What does your mum do?
  • Prompt 5: painting/do/like/ you / this / Why
  • Formed Question: Why do you like this painting?
• Practice Activity Prompts:
  • Action phrases for sentence construction using love, like, don't mind, don't like, and hate:
  • listen to music
  • play tennis
  • get up early
  • go to the gym
  • do exams
  • paint and draw