biotechnology

What is biotechnology?

altering living organisms and produce products for humans

examples of biotechnology

genetic engineering-producing insulin

selective breeding-increased yield(e.g. meat,milk,eggs)

(cloning)

making single cell protein

how to remove a gene from a chromosome?

restriction enzyme/just enzyme

insert the gene into a plasmid use same restriction enzyme

plasmid will be a vector

transformed organism

bacteria dividing so its binary fission

mitosis is division through the nucleus bacteria are eukaryotic

production of insulin benefits is its much easier to extract/purify

scale up easily

how do we know if the transformed organism is successful

add genes for antibiotic resistance withe resistance with insulin gene

successfully transformed bacteria will be resistant to only antibiotic 1

as we used 2 antibiotic resistant antibiotics 2 will not be used as it was disrupted by the insulin gene

not able to function

Golden rice has been modifies to contain higher levels of beta carotene,which provides a source of vitamin A

-vitamin A eye development

other crops have been genetically modified to be resistant to insects. A bacterium called bacillus thuringiensis naturally produced a toxin which kills many insects. the gene responsible for this has been identified, removed and inserted into crop plants

- resistant to insects produces pesticides -no need to spray pesticides

other crops have also been genetically modified to be resistant to herbicides.The genes that occurs naturally in some plants will be identified,removed and inserted into crop plants.

herbicides want to harm crops pesticides want to harm insects

these examples help to meet the demand of the growing populations on food supplies

mock question:

How does genetic engineering help improve food production?

it enables crops to resist pests and grow in poor soil conditions

how is the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis used in biotechnology?

it produces a toxin that kills insects and is inserted into crop plants