History semester 2
1920
Immigrant hate
Xenophobia - fear of things or people that seem foreign or strange
Nativism- prejudice against foreign born people
Sacco and vanzetti - huge trial, biased and deemed as guilty
Quotas for amounts of immigrants allowed in
gentalmens agreement
chinese exclusion act
PROHIBITION
- people were anti alcohol and viewed it as a sin+as a cause of corruption
18th amendment- (no alchol + prohibition begins)
people started speakeasies (illegal bars) and became bootleggers( alcohol smugglers)
SCOPES TRIAL- a big debate on whether evolution should be brought up in schools
A lot of people were denouncing Darwins theory of evolution
Flappers were a new vision of women - they wore shorter dresses and shorter hair
Harlem renaissance- period of which black art was more mainstreme and appreachaited more
THE GREAT DEPRESSION
issues that lead up to the depression:
buying on credit (false sense of prosperity)
stock market practices (speculation)
farming overproduction
wealth inequality (65% were bellow poverty line)
black tuesday- the fall of the stock market
people invested too much of their money in stocks so when they fell and they tried to take their money from the banks (there was no money) they were left penny less
1933 was the worst year (mass unemoployment, buisness shut down and banks down)
Hoover- laissee fair governement, believed that the rich should fix all their problems, trickle down economics
Trickle Down Economics- money to rich→ they will pay their employees more→ employees spend more
Buisness cycle- recessions are normal and the economy will move up eventually
Roosevelt- intense government involvement, believed it was his responsibility to fix economy, pump up economy
Pump Up Economy- Money to poor→ they spend more→more production +employees needed→ employment higher
Bonus army-group of veterns protesting for extra money promised
CCC- employed young men to restore national parks
NRA-Bring buisnesses and gov together, eliminate comp.
SS- money to unempolyed and disabled people (to get them to spend more)
TVA- young men build dams to stop flooding and provide electricity
SEC- make sure no suspicious activity is going on in the bank systems
WPA- give people jobs (women too)
FDIC- people trust banks (money is insured)
AAA-withheld food to up price
ERBA- shut down banks that are failing
WW2
Communism: far left, equality, no classes,
Fascism: far right, racism, nationalism, class system
Munich conference: hitler was taking up easter european countries left and right, people saw this and threatened the beginnings of war- hitler tried to make a point that he would not take over any other lands after it(they used appeasement)
Hitler, going against any past agreement signed, started making moves against poland.
Non-agression pact: between soviet union and germany, they decided that they would split poland between the two powers and shoudl not attack one another
Triparte act: japan, italy, and germany all become allies
Blitzkreig- lightning war, german war tactic
UNITED STATES-
neutrality act- keeps the US out of future wars
roosevelt goes against this
Lend and Lease: U.S gives Britain weapons they pay later
has to change law because they were going against it
Cash and Carry: countires can buy weapons from UNITED STATES
Pearl Harbor: United states stopped trading oil with japan- they respond with attacking and destroying a major naval area, framed as unexpected and unprecidented
JAPANESE INTERMENT CAMPS
Munson report: sterotypes that japanese people were dangerous were racisits and oversatruated
biggest harm was from communist
executive order 9066- made it possible for the military to exclude and take them to a camp
Executive order 9102- War relocation academy
Korematsu v. United States- said it was legal to take away citizenship
Battle of midway- Japan wanted to attack ships, US found out, and attacekd back
Battle of okinawa- last major battle needed to take over japan
Hiroshima and Nagasaki- atomic bombing
ISLAND HOPPING used to take over japan
EARLY COLD WAR
Cold war: democracy vs communism
Marshal plan: money sent to countries who are at risk of communism
Truman plan: military aid to those at risk or fighting communism
Iron curtian: a metaphorical representation of the blockaid that prevented democratic countries to get into the communist side of europe
Satelight countries: countries that called soviet union their leader
Containment: wanting to keep communism where it is at rather than expanding it
Domino Theory: if one country falls to communism the rest will follow
Warsaw pact: a version of nato for communism
NATO: 10 countries swore to protect eachother from communism
United Nations: a better and more productive verison of the league of nations
Berlin Airlift: since berlin was split in two and there was a huge blockaid, the only way berlin could get resources was through planes
Korean War: a form of proxy war, China and U.S.S.R(only planned to support if United States didnt get involved) funded and militarized North Korea to over take south Korea
they invaded South Korea at the 38th parallel (a demilitarized zone) - the United Nations saw this and worked to defend South Korea
Troops were employed by both the United States and China- there was a time in which it seemed as if the United states was going to loose however they attacked from behind and regained territory
for a while they were debating the use of nuclear weapons but decided it would cause and all out war
they ended with a armistis → north korea. and south korea are technically still at war
*Red Scare resurfaces during this time
HUAC- the house of un-americans committees, targeted unions and Minorities, went to court and raided houses for evidence, created a black list that poeople used to not employ people
Started by Joseph McCarthy
Arms Race/Space Race- a race against who could reach higher power
Guatamala- PB SUCCESS: trying to take over Guatamala from Albebz
Albenz saw the inequalities and issues within his country, there was a wealth gap, there was a lack of housing and property avaliable. His people were suffering and he saw that he could change that. The united fruit company owned most of the land- arbenz wanted to spread out the land to his people. So he offered money up to take away the property. When the company saw that the money was understating the value of thier land they asked the US to take care of his communist ideals. The CIA got involved and Albenz was forced out of power
BAY OF PIGS- cuba, tried to copy and paste PB success on cubas dicatator castro
Castro took over after the overthrowing of Batesta→ at first itseemed amazing but he became a dicator and openly stated his communist ideals
Because of this the U.S wanted him out
so they used the cia to overthrow and take over their military→however, kennedy didn’t want an obvious US involvement so he lessend the support avaliable
it became and utter failure
CUBAN MISSLE CRISIS
cuba and U.S.S.R became allies → in response to US attempts to take over cuba they decided to give/provide nuclear missles
The United states caught air of this alliance and tried to shut it down (it was way to close too to their liking)
nuclear warfare was threatned
missles were taken off of both countries sides
CIVIL RIGHTS