Lecture 1 week 1 sept 5 and 12 sociology notes Intro to Sociology
Part 1: the problem
Slide 7 Why Discuss Environmental Problems as a Lecture
Potential for catastrophic results
Economic system resists it
Global problem needs global solutions but we’re individual nations
Slide 8 What Environmental Problems?
Population up, extinctions, affect ecosystems, 70% loss of wildlife
Slide 9 What Environmental Problems? Contd
Coral bleaching, home to ocean life and connected
Slide 10 What Environmental Problems? Contd
Great barrier reef
Slide 11 What Environmental Problems? Contd
74% of great barrier reef dying
Slide 12 What Environmental Problems? Contd
Pesticides kill bees, less pollination and crops
Slide 13 What Environmental Problems? Contd
Co2 been going up and down but very up now
Slide 14 What Environmental Problems? contd
Global temp increase
Slide 15 What Environmental Problems? Contd
wildfires
Slide 16 What Environmental Problems? Contd
Fires in arctic
Slide 17 What Environmental Problems? Contd
Droughts,
Slide 18 What Environmental Problems? Contd
Stronger storms, hurricane milton increase from 1-5 fast
Slide 19 What Environmental Problems? Contd
More natural disasters, needs government assistance, pay
Slide 20 What Environmental Problems? Contd
more natural disasters everywhere
Slide 21 What Environmental Problems? contd
Scientific consensus on climate change, environmental problems, caused by humans
97.1%
Slide 22 Is it too late?
Not permanent changes,
Slide 23 Is it too late? Contd
not hitting projections
Slide 24 Is it too late? Contd
Next meeting in 2030, stuff happened between like covid
Want drawdown, co2 decline, take more than release
Slide 25 Project Drawdown
632$ billion invested in plan, total cost 29 trillion
Slide 26 is it too late?
How get there, what to change, make sense
Part 2: Lessons from Structural Functionalism
Slide 28 Structural Functionalism
Stable patterns of social stuff
Structures maintain or undermine stability
Shared values or preferences
Equilibrium is est
Slide 29 Structural Functionalism contd
Macro, relationships, big picture, balance, not overhaul
Slide 30 Imbalance In The Equilibrium
Population strain
Slide 31 graph
Plateau then go down
Slide 32 Imbalance In The Equilibrium contd
Science lets us exploit resources, chat gpt, ai, needs energy
Slide 33 Imbalance In The Equilibrium contd
Never had to prioritize environment over economy
Slide 34 graph
3 related to food and diet, 2 related to gender inequality, 4 to land, 1 to material, 5 to energy
Not just energy but how we live and whole society
Slide 35 Structural Functionalism
Climate change is symptom not problem
Slide 36 1. Earth as an Externality
Externality: production of something has cost not related to price
Lung cancer not related to cigarette sales, from taxes not cigaret profits, add tax to cigarettes
Pollution, no cost but externality
Slide 37 1. Earth as an Externality contd
Environmental damage no cost,, now we need to pay
Slide 38 1. Earth as an Externality contd
Regulations: law or rule to alter actions and behaviours
Deforestation, pollution
Slide 39 1. Earth as an Externality contd
New ways, stop as externality
reusable bags cost for pollution, charge for bottles or charge for recycling
Slide 40 1. Earth as an Externality contd
Tax, like carbon tax, not popular cus more expensive gas
Slide 41 1. Earth as an Externality contd
Tax makes more expensive, canadians want carbon tax gone,
don’t want to pay for externality
Slide 42 2. Path Dependency
Past decisions influence future, qwerty keyboard not efficient but it was first
Already know past, hard to change
Slide 43 2. Path Dependency contd
Past has momentum, hard to stop, wouldn’t change major in 4th year,
cost of change is too great
Slide 44 2. Path Dependency contd
Rely on fossil fuels, work in the sector, sell it
Slide 45 3. Moral Foundation Theory
People born with morals
Slide 47 3. Moral Foundation Theory
Evolutionary sociological theory: humans are evolving animals
Keep morals that help us
Wouldn’t survive in wild but join together and form morals
Slide 48 3. Moral Foundation Theory I. Harm/Care
Bond, care, compassion, we’re social animals and we emphasise
Social part: how much we emphasise and justify suffering differs
Slide 49 3. Moral Foundation Theory II. Fairness/Reciprocity
No discrimination, justice, mutually beneficial, golden rule, treat as you want to be treated
Social part: different views on fairness
Slide 50 3. Moral Foundation Theory III. In-Group Loyalty
Must work together otherwise weak alone, blood thicker than water
Social part: differ who we consider in our group
nationalism (nation) vs cosmopolitanism (one community not separate nations)
Different levels of loyalty
Slide 51 3. Moral Foundation Theory IV. Authority/Respect
Authority based on power and brutality and voluntary deference, ‘legitimate authorities” authority of tradition
Social part: differ who is authority and how much we respect
Slide 52 3. Moral Foundation Theory V. Purity/Sanctity
Disgust for impure
Social part: differ what's pure or impure
Slide 53 3. Moral Foundation Theory contd
2 higher-order clusters
Individual: care and fairness
Bonding: loyalty, authority, and purity
Liberals and conservatives value harm most then differ
Conservatives values authority, loyalty and purity, less fairness
liberals-fairness
Slide 54 3. Moral Foundation Theory contd
Liberals:
not fair to leave world worse (fairness),
natural disasters, poorest hit more (harm)
Consevative:
me, country, family first (loyalty)
Can’t disregard tradition and past (respect/authority)
Our way of life, society not evil or wrong (purity), god didn’t make world wrong
Decline bias-change is bad
Slide 55 4. Immediacy Bias
Like present more than long term, instant gratification, love future self
Politics about current not climate change, no votes from future
Slide 56 4. Immediacy Bias contd
People affected want it addressed
Slide 57 5. Misinformation
Free to pollute
Society stick to current
Different morals different political opinions
Immediacy bias, ignore future
Slide 58 5. Misinformation contd
Affinity or in-group bias-like people similar belief or background
Like what we believe, confirmation bias
Echo chamber: what we hear is what we believe, reinforce ideas, alternates gone
Social media feeds you your perspective, new arguments on your side, misinformation
Slide 59 5. Misinformation contd
Don’t believe climate change is real, only ⅔ believe
Slide 60 5. Misinformation contd
Pbs government sponsored, should be impartial
Slide 61 The PBS Debate on the Paris Agreement
Pro climate change: professor, nobel prize, UN committee, phd
Against climate change: no credentials, drop out, founded organization, funded by company
Slide 63 Is Basketball really a Sport? Not on test
Yes: lebron james, con:random guy
Slide 65 Is Kendrick Lamar a good rapper? Not on test
Yes: snoop dog, con: random guy funded by drake
Critical thinking in media
Slide 66 Part 1 Summary
Structural functionalist view:
Environment as externality, population, tech, don’t need to prioritise
Path dependency, rely on stuff set up in past
Moral foundation theory, different morals
Immediacy bias, focus on present, doesn’t affect now
Misinformation, don’t believe
Part 3: Lessons from Conflict Theory
Slide 70 Thought experiment: aliens from another planet show up one day.
Slide 71 Thought Experiment:
Want resources
Poop money
Slide 72 Thought Experiment: contd
Want our help
Slide 73 Thought Experiment: contd
On aliens’ side, want as much natural resources as possible
Slide 74 If I was Advising the Aliens 1) Buy private property.
Do what you want on it, most of US private but not canada
Slide 75 If I was Advising the Aliens 2) Dealing with Governments.
Negotiate Regulations and policies, crown land in canada owned by government
Slide 76 If I was Advising the Aliens 2) Dealing with Vulnerable or Concentrated Power Governments
Some dictatorships and military juntas and fragile governments
Slide 77 If I was Advising the Aliens 2) Dealing with Vulnerable or Concentrated Power Governments contd
Kim jun un= dictatorship, military junta=myanmar
Slide 78 If I was Advising the Aliens 2) Dealing with Vulnerable or Concentrated Power Governments contd
yemen=fragile, destabilize and overthrow or negotiate for resources
Start civil wars elsewhere
Slide 79 Yemen’s Civil War
Funded by outside foreign influences
Slide 80 If I was Advising the Aliens 2) Dealing with Wealthy Democratic Governments
Win over fairly, can’t bribe, no corruption
Find politicians not concerned about climate change
Slide 81 If I was Advising the Aliens
Make politics care about Other pressing topics,
Slide 82 If I was Advising the Aliens 2) Dealing with Wealthy Democratic Governments
fund other topics like politicians or groups
Influence media by buying or adds
Make international competition
Slide 83 If I was Advising the Aliens 3) Dealing with Citizen Resistance in Concentrated Power Countries
Bribe community leaders or kill, or violence for trouble, police or military,
Government on side
Slide 84 If I was Advising the Aliens 3) Dealing with Citizen Resistance
People disappear
Slide 85 If I was Advising the Aliens 3) Dealing with Citizen Resistance in Wealthy Democratic Countries
Police stop protests, associate protests as bad, police as good
Delegitimize protest, just complaining, minority
Slide 86 If I was Advising the Aliens 3) Dealing with Citizen Resistance in Wealthy Democratic Countries contd
Discredit academics, fund own studies, cigarettes are promoted by doctors
Slide 87 What is the Point of All This Craziness?
Critique of capitalism, money is unchecked power, money influences world
Slide 88 Gold-Pooping Aliens as an Analogy for Corporations 1) Buying private property to consume resources? check
Buy land, even government/crown land
Slide 89 Gold-Pooping Aliens as an Analogy for Corporations 2) Influence of foreign governments in poor countries? check
Countries influence others, don’t help to be good, benefit yourself
Slide 90 Gold-Pooping Aliens as an Analogy for Corporations 2) Influencing Wealthy Democratic Governments? check
Political contributions, campaign like free speech, don’t need disclosing, democratic, US
Slide 91 Gold-Pooping Aliens as an Analogy for Corporations 2) Influencing Wealthy Democratic Governments? check
Canada needs disclosing donations, lobbying
Slide 92 Gold-Pooping Aliens as an Analogy for Corporations 3) Horrific Dealings with Citizens in Poorer Countries? check
Coca cola hired para-military groups, no unions
Slide 93 Gold-Pooping Aliens as an Analogy for Corporations 3) Horrific Dealings with Citizens in Poorer Countries? check
Slavery in mining
Slide 94 Gold-Pooping Aliens as an Analogy for Corporations 3) Stopping Citizen Resistance in Wealthy Democratic Countries? check
Stop protests with violence
Slide 95 Gold-Pooping Aliens as an Analogy for Corporations 3) Stopping Citizen Resistance in Wealthy Democratic Countries? Check Contd
Delegitimize protests, “achieve nothing”
Slide 96 Gold-Pooping Aliens as an Analogy for Corporations 3) Stopping Citizen Resistance in Wealthy Democratic Countries? Check Contd
Hire people as spokespersons
Slide 97 3 Reasons Environmental Problems are the Greatest Social Problem we Face
Potential for catastrophic results
Economic system resist environmental protection
Slide 98 So are corporations just evil psychopaths? No!
Slide 99 Two sociological principles helps us understand corporations
Competition as “external coercive law”-marx
Concept of bureaucracy - max weber
Slide 100 Famous Sociologist Karl Marx & The Capitalist Principle
Capitalism is competition, profitable survive, no profit die, race to bottom or buy out
Competition as external coercive law, want lowest price
Slide 101 Famous Sociologist Max Weber & Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy is polar night of icy darkness, humans into machines
Takes away individuality in system
Slide 102 Weber & Bureaucracy not on exam
Can’t give free food as server,
everyone has role and structure that supervises them
Goal ensured by structure
Ceo of exxon can’t do anything or would be fired
Slide 103 Main take away from this… not on test
Beard is good
Slide 104 Actual Main take away from this…
Don’t hate player, hate game
Capitalism rewards profit, needs to survive
Competition as external coercive force-money as goal or die
Bureaucracy-everyone has role in mind, bank won’t give money if no profit
Slide 105 Bright Side
Complete control over corporations, rely on consumers, supply and demand
Consumers decide but people want lowest price
Part 4: Lessons from Symbolic Interactionism
Slide 107 3 Reasons Environmental Problems are the Greatest Social Problem we Face
Structural functionalism-all connected
Conflict theory-power and authority
Symbolic interactionism-global problem, global solution
Slide 108 SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
Communication, meanings, people make social circumstances, unpopular viewpoints
Slide 109 Social Constructionism
Objective less important than how it’s constructed
Slide 110 Symbolic Interactionism & Environmental Problems
Pollution from canada floats around
Need international solutions
Slide 111 Issue 1: Tragedy of the Commons
Common-all have access
Tragedy-exploit and destroy
No rules in international waters, fishing
Slide 112 Issue 1: Tragedy of the Commons contd
Bison almost extinct for fur
Slide 113 Issue 1: Tragedy of the Commons contd
Free bikes stolen or gone
Slide 114 Issue 1: Tragedy of the Commons contd
Dirty kitchens in dorms
Slide 115 Issue 1: Tragedy of the Commons contd
Don’t like group projects
Free rider problem: don’t contribute but benefits
Slide 116 Issue 1: Tragedy of the Commons contd
Monkey experiment: anger is natural from inequality
Slide 117 Issue 1: Tragedy of the Commons contd
Good when follows rules until someone doesn’t and takes advantage cus others are
Unfair share solution: take the high road, do it for them
Everyone loses: petty, no one helps
Violent enforcement: threats
Slide 118 Issue 1: Tragedy of the Commons contd
Clean for roommate
No one cleans
Kick out
Slide 119 Issue 1: Tragedy of the Commons contd
Need cooperation
Slide 120 Old Class Exercise
3% or 15%, no trust
Slide 121 Issue 2: The Social Contract
Should work together
Slide 122 Issue 2: The Social Contract contd
Prisoner dilemma, cooperate or defect
Slide 123 Issue 2: The Social Contract contd
Need to catch, snitches get stitches
Slide 124 Issue 2: The Social Contract contd
Social contract: come together, agreement not to cause problem
Slide 125 Issue 2: The Social Contract contd
All countries are roommate, planet is shared space
Slide 126 Video 2: Speech on Pulling out of Paris Agreement
Nationalism-only themselves, uk leave eu, US leave paris agreement
Slide 127 Symbolic Interactionism & Environmental Problems
Countries no real line, made up borders, social construct
Slide 128 Symbolic Interactionism & Environmental Problems contd
Created meaning, shapes interactions, affects bigger issues
Slide 129 Symbolic Interactionism Bright Side
Paris agreement to fix
What is sociology
Slide 10 What is sociology?
Hard to define
“Science of society, systematic study of collective behaviour of groups of humans”
Not helpful like phd in medical emergency, not real doctor
Slide 11 What is sociology? Contd
Everything else defined well, what they study, not sociology
Slide 18 what is sociology contd
Best, Touches everything
Slide 19 what is sociology contd
Whale still touched by humans like global warming and pollution even if never touched by humans
Can be studied by sociology
Slide 20 what is sociology contd
Everything is sociological
Slide 21 what is sociology contd
Hard to guess and describe, studies everything
Slide 22 what is sociology contd
Not what it studies but how
Approach and strategies make it unique
Social, and cultural easy to explain
Contrast with individual or biological
Slide 23 what is sociology contd Sociological explanation of teenage depression
Biological: genetic factors, puberty, hormones, drugs
individual/psych: divorce, loss, heartbreak, social struggles
Slide 24 what is sociology contd
Sociologically: why that group of people
Gender? Age?
Drinking or crying
This generation?
Always depressed, only talking now?
“Get war out of you” wwii ptsd
Slide 25 what is sociology contd
Cognitive dissonance: core belief confronted by info that makes you think its wrong
Opposing belief causes stress
White lie about crappy haircut? Find a way to make peace, white lie not real lie
Love lasts forever but sees divorce or kicking out
Distressing when core belief shattered
Slide 26 what is sociology contd
Raise children by how we want them
Cognitive dissonance: protecting kids better than before
Gen z most conservative in terms of risky stuff
Protected from harsh reality of life
Cognitive Dissonance & Teen Depression
Slide 27 Cognitive Dissonance & Teen Depression
True love! Beauty and the beast
Slide 28 Cognitive Dissonance & Teen Depression contd
Life is shit in reality
Hard lesson to learn
Slide 29 Cognitive Dissonance & Teen Depression contd
Good conquer evil
Historical and fictional like marvel and mlk jr
Slide 30 Cognitive Dissonance & Teen Depression contd
Evil wins in real life
25k people starve to death a day
Is it ok?
War criminals
Homelessness in wealthiest country in world
Slide 31 Cognitive Dissonance & Teen Depression contd
Do anything you want as a kid
Not possible in real life, can’t do everything you put your mind to, hard to get there
U of t 93% highschool average
⅔ of class wants to go med or law school
Average of socio course will be 70%
Used to get 90s now get 70s, 30% drop
very smart in school, average now
Principle 1 & University Student Anxiety
Slide 32 what is sociology?
Make peace that what you believed in as a kid isn’t real
Looks don’t matter but they do
Evil wins
Love isn’t like disney
Gen z protected better
80s commercial do you know where your child is
Kicked out at night, told to come back at certain time
mills= ability to connect personal challenges to larger social issues - thinking sociologically
Principle #1 see the general in the particular
Slide 33 Principle 1 & University Student Anxiety
Very depressed in college
Slide 34 Principle 1 & University Student Anxiety contd
Are we biologically messed up?
If so common, is it really biological or individual?
Slide 35 Principle 1 & University Student Anxiety contd
High tuition and rate, Bad for mental health, not financially secure
Slide 36 Principle 1 & University Student Anxiety contd
More competition, harder to achieve goals
Just good grades for medschool now need to cure cancer
Parents can’t identify and are more involved now
More pressure
Parental immigration sacrifice
Don’t let down
Slide 37 Principle 1 & University Student Anxiety contd
What to do for rest of my life?
“adulting”?
Adult when you realize others aren’t adults
Trying to find Romantic connection
Loneliness from moving away
Social pressure for time of your life
Slide 38 Principle 1 & University Student Anxiety contd
Wrong if you don’t feel fucked sociologically
Not fucked= better conditions, not mentally stronger, less stress
Slide 39 Principle 1 & University Student Anxiety contd
General in particular= thinking sociologically, not individual
Principle 2 & shaking hands
Slide 40 what is sociology?
Principle #2 see the strange in the familiar
Do because we’ve always done
Slide 41 principle 2 & shaking hands
Didn’t carry weapon before
Empty hand=come in peace
We don’t mean that anymore, rather sign of respect now
Slide 43 principle 2 & shaking hands
Movies show, like narnia, she doesn’t know why she shakes hand
Dirty hands, spread germs
Other cultures figured it out and bow instead
Other countries don’t follow our rules, maybe better
Other busy roads faster
Is our way we should do things?
Slide 44 principle 2 & shaking hands
Decline bias=any change is negative
Out of comfort zone is distressing
Older dislike young
Eg Long socks used to be gross, good now
Sexuality, race, immigration change
Lecture 3 week 3 sept 19 sociology notes end of 2nd lecture and The Sociology of Education part 2
From lecture 2 The Sociology of Education part 1
Slide 13 knowledge isn’t power until it is applied, applying sociology
Don’t be stupid
Slide 14 understanding our class
Why big class? Save money, less professors, economical
Slide 15 understanding our class contd
Older more harsh, younger idealistic max webber
Slide 16 instrumental vs. value rationality
Instrumental or means-end rationality- most efficient, practical and effective
Value rationality-ideal, do it for the sake
Slide 17 instrumental vs. value rationality contd
Politician
Value-best for society
Instrumental-balance, elected every 4 years, fundraise, limit ideals, get votes
Slide 18 instrumental vs. value rationality contd
Churchill, democracy worst except others, best way is talk to voters for 5 min
Not that easy, social forces/structural factors not character flaw
Lesser of two evils, no perfection
Slide 19 instrumental vs. value rationality contd
Webber, move from value to instrumental, rationalisation
Hard to get agreement in world, problems
Major:balance value (what you want) and instrumental (money)
Slide 20 instrumental vs. value rationality contd
Public school is 12.5k a year, morethan uni because government pays for uni
Slide 21 instrumental vs. value rationality contd
Tuition freeze
Slide 22 instrumental vs. value rationality contd
Less for same price, shrinkflation, inflation
Slide 23 instrumental vs. value rationality contd
Bigger class for inflation, less product for money, no money cus tuition freeze
Slide 24 other hypotheses
Unis just want money but unis are nonprofit, charity, should pay same as international
Pay too much, earn less than us, job market
Uni president makes less than ceo who supervise less
Slide 25 other hypotheses contd
Too much “fat”, no fat before
Slide 26 other hypotheses contd
Too much research, most money from government, more on student aid
No unis doing research, private research, bias
Slide 27 summary of instrumental/value rationality
Value- best education
Instrumental-less resources, harder
Solutions: more tuition (we’re poor), more tax (people leave), freeze tuition raise class size
Problems cus hard to fix, not don’t care
More tuition, more money after
Slide 28 summary of instrumental/value rationality contd
Internationals fund, mislead them
Slide 29 summary of instrumental/value rationality contd
Financial trouble, start cutting small programs,
Crossroads, international income capped, tuition freeze
Not don’t care, social forces, structural functionalism, conflict theory
Part 4: The Experience of Education
Slide 31 symbolic interactionism
Macro-big, structural functionalism, conflict big scale economy
Micro-small, nuance, personal stuff, individual experience
Slide 32 symbolic interactionism contd
Micro
Face to face, specific people, meaning
Subjectivity, how we see stuff
Stress that makes social circumstance, not react
Validate unpopular opinions, not like macro where everyone’s the same, good for different views
Why you think that? Get into details
Slide 33 symbolic interactionism contd
Are you adult? How you act
Different circumstances
Slide 34 symbolic interactionism contd
Labelling theory, change how it’s labelled, interpret, viewed, and handled
like weed and guns in canada and us
Slide 35 the experience of education
Grades =intelligence
Slide 36 the experience of education contd
Grades on micro, means to you
Slide 37 the experience of education contd
Low self esteem, low sense of mastery/control
Grade chasing, just grades not learning, why they have cr/ncr
Slide 38 the experience of education contd
Bad grades=u of tears
Slide 39 the experience of education contd
sad
Slide 40 fixed versus growth mindset
Growth mindset, grow intelligence, different types
Smart not good socially, law, street smarts, drug dealers
Slide 41 fixed versus growth mindset contd
Grades don’t equal potential
Change way we view, adapt, how, learn from it
Slide 42 fixed versus growth mindset contd
Improve, more motivated, feel better, get better
Slide 43 fixed versus growth mindset contd
Learn from stuff and grow, be efficient, breaks
Slide 44 shifting the meaning of grades
Grades don’t define
Slide 45 shifting the meaning of grades contd
First year not important
Slide 46 do grades matter?
Studies as good as their design
Slide 47 do grades matter? Contd
Omitted variable bias, don’t consider factor, affects it
Slide 48 do grades matter? Contd
3rd thing causes 2 things
Slide 49 do grades matter? Contd
Didn’t control class
Slide 50 do grades matter? Contd
Class causes income and grades
Slide 51 do grades matter? Contd
ses=sociio economic status
Economic- don’t need to work part time, more money, tutors-don’t need job right away
Social capital: connections-better jobs
Culture: connect with elite-goat cheese, culture
Part 5: Gender Inequality in Education (true start of lecture 3)
Slide 55 Feminist Approach/Theoretical Perspective
Patriarchy, system
Difference from power makes better not biological, not biologically same
Micro and macro
More equal is good, men and women
Slide 56 feminism & education
In education
Underrepresentation in power
Gender presentation
Sexual harassment
Slide 57 feminism & education contd 1. Underrepresentation in Positions of Power
Social location bias, different perspectives and experience
Slide 58 feminism & education contd 1. Underrepresentation in Positions of Power contd
Underrepresented in government, men make decisions, problem
Slide 59 feminism & education contd 1. Underrepresentation in Positions of Power contd
Low leadership in school, getting better
Slide 60 feminism & education contd 1. Underrepresentation in Positions of Power contd
Bad policies, less in academia, masculine/feminine jobs
Slide 61 feminism & education contd 2. Gender Representation in School Activities
less in academia, masculine/feminine jobs
Slide 62 feminism & education contd 2. Gender Representation in School Activities contd
Less sports and funding, perpetuates divide
Slide 63 feminism & education contd 3. Sexual harassment
Hostile hallways, inappropriate
Slide 64 feminism & education contd 3. Sexual harassment contd
Blame women
Slide 65 feminism & education moving forward
Getting better, One part of whole
Part 6: Racial & Ethnic Inequality in Education
Slide 67 critical race theory
Race is social construct, kept changing
Normal, persistent in institutions
Interest convergence, progress, fit others’ interest
Intersectional, different experiences
Slide 68 3. Interest convergence
Derrick bell, 1st black harvard law professor
Hire black people because white people on strike, afraid black people will steal jobs, more money
Separate but equal, cold war, didn’t like the look, appeal to rest of world
Not the right thing
Slide 69 4. Intersectionality
Kimberle crenshaw
Think types of discrimination is separate
Slide 70 4. Intersectionality contd
Multiple unique identity
Slide 71 4. Intersectionality contd
Statistical interactions: effects of variables depend on each other
Multiplicative vs additive
Slide 72 race, ethnicity, & education
Some groups do better
Slide 73 race, ethnicity, & education contd
More educated, allowed in
Slide 74 race, ethnicity, & education contd
Re-educate, no economic advantage, cultural and social capital
Slide 75 race, ethnicity, & education contd
Brain drain, lose good people to emmigration
Slide 76 race, ethnicity, & education contd
Micro and macro
Slide 77 symbolic interactionism & education
Sacrifice worth it
Slide 78 symbolic interactionism & education contd
Pressure to do good on sacrifice, proud
From lecture 1 Part 3: bias
Slide 14 understanding bias
We’re all biased unconsciously, unavoidable
Want to be objective, studies, facts, data, research
Universal laws in science, humans no laws, we don’t act the same
research= get diversity
Slide 15 understanding bias contd
World is My truth, not all truth
Is this course easy or hard, bird or not,
Other circumstances, commute, job, residence, english
Dressed as man and live like a man
Made models ugly and felt sad, didn’t know other feeling/truth
Slide 16 understanding bias 1. Social location bias
Position in the world, combination of factors like age, race, religion etc
We want to rely on first hand knowledge, not the truth, but our truth
White people no racism, their truth, different social location
Slide 17 understanding bias 1. Social location bias contd
Anecdotal evidence, personal experience, don’t want to rely
Shape how we see eg. covid
Recover quickly, lockdown unnecessary
Hospitalised, lost people
Slide 18 understanding bias 1. Social location bias contd
Our experience our truth, not the truth
High students debt interest increase in 80s, mortgage up, lost farm
Mcivor experience: debt makes you lose everything, wants to study debt
Interests shape social location
Msrginalized people study sociology, injustice, figure out why, happened to them
Psych majors fucked in head
Slide 19 understanding bias 2. Confirmation bias
Cognitive dissonance, uncomfortable with opposing facts
Confirmation bias=confirm what we know, very bias
Slide 20 understanding bias
3. Fundamental attribution error
Favour ourselves
Fail test, think others are idiot,
Things happen to other people, their fault,
4. Self-serving bias
Things happen to other people, their fault, my stuff not my fault
thinks it’s teacher’s fault if you fail, excuses
Slide 21 understanding bias contd
5. Optimism Bias
Good mood, look at things positively
6. Pessimism Bias
Bad mood, think bad
Rain is good, confirm how we feel
7. Cultural Bias
Own culture normal, others weird
Weird streets and traffic
Busy buffets in south america, ordered here
Slide 22 understanding bias contd
Can’t trust own opinion
Our experiences not the same
Mcivor follows curriculum but filtered through him
The Sociology of Education part 1
Slide 25 Part 1: Trends in Education
Slide 26 Historical trends in education
Dont’t think how we got here
Education not free, reading not common
Free public education, public school canada pei 1852
Government says tax for education
Slide 27 Historical trends in education contd
After ww1 education more imprtant, stuff more complicated
1950, not common to finish school
Work on farm when able, gradeschool
70s, universal to finish middle school
Slide 28 Historical trends in education contd
Higher graduation rates
Slide 29 Historical trends in education contd
Education for
Better employees, no training, economy
Slide 30 Historical trends in education contd
2. Democracy, churchill says people don’t know whats going on, reading to stay informed, do basic stuff
Slide 31 Historical trends in education contd
3. Education great equalizer, less inequality
Slide 32 Historical trends in education contd
More college and school, recent plateau, 70%, tech and globalization
From india business, ship, letters, bad tech before
Now phones
Different minimum wages in countries, lose jobs
Knowledge economy
Slide 33 Historical trends in education contd
Happened in every country, lost jobs, tech stayed
Slide 34 Part 2: The Function of Education
Slide 35 General Sociological Theories
Structural functionlism
Conflict theory
Symbolic interactionism
Feminism
Critical race theory
Each theory different perspective, both right or wrong, focus on different stuff
Slide 36 General Sociological Theories contd
5 blind people live in village
Grab different parts of elephant, like different stuff
Fight of what elephant is, never speak again
Need all theories, well rounded, better understanding
Slide 37 General Sociological Theories contd
MAX WEBER “ideal types”
General sense of stuff
What’s canadian? Nice, diverse cold
Not every canadian, too big
Slide 38 General Sociological Theories contd
Ideal dog: fur, 4 limbs, understand emotion, bark, carnivore, tail etc
Not all dogs
Slide 40 Structural Functionalism
Ideal type theories, general, different types of everything
Human behaviour governed by stable patterns of social relations
Stable things to expect
Structures maintain or undermine social stability
Something goes wrong, problems
Emphasize social structures based on shared values or preference
Meritocracy, be nice, innocent till proven guilty
Equilibrium good
No police brutality
Slide 41 Structural Functionalism contd
Traditional like grandparents
Slide 42 Structural Functionalism contd
Different parts of society and identify relationship between
Macro theory, overall picture
Slide 43 Structural Functionalism contd
Human body, small change big effect
Blood clot kill you
Everything connected
Education affect family etc
Slide 44 Structural Functionalism and education
What function is this serving? Why exists?
Everything has function even bad
Crime reaffirms social values, good
Poverty is good, know to go to uni, can fail, motivator
Eternal optimist
Select and sort,
Socialization
Job training
Slide 45 Structural Functionalism and education 1. Selection and sorting
Meritocracy, all you do
Slide 46 Structural Functionalism and education 1. Selection and sorting contd
Equal race, nothing matters just performance and work ethic
Slide 47 Structural Functionalism and education 1. Selection and sorting contd
Historical, not meritocratic
Only wealthy white men did good
Not good for society, best regardless of stuff
Slide 48 Structural Functionalism and education 1. Selection and sorting contd
Brain surgery, best person or white
Slide 49 Structural Functionalism and education 1. Selection and sorting contd
Education gives meritocracy
Learn strength and weaknesses
Bad at woodworking, good engineering
Good at sociology, bad physics
Slide 50 Structural Functionalism and education 1. Selection and sorting contd
Manifest function, something we do on purpose
Slide 51 selectiong/sorting function of education
Need to rank, grades, who gets in where
Make sure all classes are same
No easy classes for more majors for more funding
Standard professors
Slide 52 selectiong/sorting function of education contd
Standard grade scale
Slide 53 structural changes to grades
Raise average, disadvantage
First year hardest grades
grade inflation, can’t rank
Slide 54 structural changes to grades contd
96 average rejected by every school
Parents more involved, higschool grades up, mostly 90
Grades lose meaning
Slide 55 structural changes to grades contd
Newtons 3rd law: every action has an equal opposite reaction
Anything changed in society affect something else
Higher grades, raise bar
Slide 56 structural changes to grades contd
US better grades, private schools, happy students
Separate all 4.0, gre, mcat, lsat
No standardized test in canada, judge on 40 courses not 1 test
Problems are theyre because they’re hard to fix
Harm reduction, lesser of two evils
Slide 57 Structural Functionalism and education 2. Socialization
Reach everyone at school, 99.5%
Slide 58 Structural Functionalism and education 2. Socialization contd
patriotism
Slide 59 Structural Functionalism and education 2. Socialization contd
Phys ed, eat right, stay active
Slide 60 Structural Functionalism and education 2. Socialization contd
respect
Slide 61 Structural Functionalism and education 2. Socialization contd
No drugs
Slide 62 Structural Functionalism and education 2. Socialization contd
Sex ed, controversial, history, slavery, good people bad stuff, bad people good stuff
Slide 63 Structural Functionalism and education 2. Socialization contd
Effective manifest function, reach people in school
Slide 64 Structural Functionalism and education 3. Job training
High tuition, 12k for elementary and middle school, higher than uni
Slide 65 Structural Functionalism and education 3. Job training contd
Human capital theory, we’re commodities
Education inaliable, can’t take it away
Be better person, educated workers
Slide 67 Structural Functionalism and education 3. Job training contd
Canada smart, rest of world not as great
Slide 69 Part 3: Class Inequality in Education
Slide 70 Conflict Theory
Everyone competing for resources
Who’s fighting who’s winning
Marx, get rid of authority, communism,
bourgeoisie (owns means of production) vs proletariat (sell labour to survive)
Slide 71 Conflict Theory contd
Macro issues, socio-economic classes
How inequality makes stability or instability
Privileged keep advantage, others want power, power struggle
More equality the better
Slide 72 Conflict Theory and education
Against structural functionalism, annoying kid
Slide 73 Conflict Theory and education 1. selection/sorting
Functionalism: Meritocracy
Conflict: equality of opportunity, different conditions, advantages
Slide 74 Conflict Theory and education 1. selection/sorting contd
Equality, the same vs equity, give what they need
Slide 75 Conflict Theory and education 1. selection/sorting contd
Functionalism, equality
Slide 76 Conflict Theory and education 1. selection/sorting contd
Conflict, Disadvantage, overt disadvantage to education, sexism, racism
Covert, less obvious, tutors
systemic=part of system, built in disadvantage
Slide 77 Conflict Theory and education 1. selection/sorting contd
Expensive to get diagnoses, systemic inequality
Slide 78 Conflict Theory and education 1. selection/sorting contd
Pierre bourdieu, disadvantages in education
Economic capital, expensive suits
Social capital, who they know not what they know
Cultural capital, swearing, lingo
Tell who’s who, political correctness outs uneducated
Slide 79 Conflict Theory and education 1. selection/sorting contd
Economic capital
Affect how to perform in school,
adequate housing own room, electricity, internet etc
Educational resources, tutors,
breakfast, quality of food,
parents work, help with homework, regulation and control
Slide 80 Conflict Theory and education 1. selection/sorting contd
Social capital
Asking for help
Monitor children
peers
Slide 81 Conflict Theory and education 1. selection/sorting contd
cultural capital
Interact with teachers
Enjoy school
Seen like school is for them
Slide 84 Conflict Theory and education 1. selection/sorting contd
manifest=best to top but reproduce class inequality, latent effect(unintended consequence)
Slide 85 Conflict Theory and education 2. Socialization
Hidden curriculum, obey, memorize and regurgitate
Slide 86 so…who is right?
Both sides right, make better, value to both, different perspectives
Mobility to succeed
Reproduce inequality
Finishing The Sociology of Education- Part 2
Slide 8 race, ethnicity, & education
Success is different
Symbolic interactionism, micro, meaning from circumstance
Slide 9 symbolic interactionism & education
Immigrants better in education, sacrifices from parents, put pressure and take on pressure
Slide 11 race, ethnicity, & education
Indigenous worse
Slide 12 race, ethnicity, & education contd
Residential schools, intergenerational trauma
Eg ukraine and russia, assmilation
Slide 13 race, ethnicity, & education contd
Very bad, sexual and physical abuse, more likely to survive war than residential schools
Slide 14 Symbolic Interactionism & Education
Cultural genocide
Slide 15 Symbolic Interactionism & Education contd
Important to learn
Slide 16 Symbolic Interactionism & Education contd
Create meaning and how to engage with, immigrant children vs. indigenous difference
Health & Mental Health
Part 1: Globalisation & The COVID Pandemic
Slide 19 Health & Globalization
Globalisation: more connected, no boundaries, interact with everyone and everything
Easier travel
Health challenges
Slide 20 Health & Globalization: Challenge 1
Quick disease spread
Zika virus rio olympics, mosquitos
Covid, hard to stop, long to study
Antibiotic resistant Stis, problems elsewhere
Bad things cause militarization, terrorism
More people struggling more diseases
Black plague, different countries attacking
Slide 21 Health & Globalization: Challenge 2
Harder to tax corporations and rich
Can just leave if high tax and operate everywhere
Apple left to ireland,
Slide 22 Health & Globalization: Challenge 2 contd
High tax people leave
Slide 23 Health & Globalization: Challenge 3
Bad working conditions in poor countries
Race to bottom, cheapest,
Attract more,
less wages, more poverty
Slide 24 Health & Globalization: Challenge 3 contd
Cheapest way to live, hunting
Slide 25 Health & Globalization: Challenge 3 contd
Product of poverty
Covid from bats, poor people poach to survive
Slide 26 Health & Globalization: Challenge 2
More likely for disease
Government less prepared to deal cus less tax
Less corporate tax 30% 90s, 28% now
Slide 27 Health & Globalization: Challenge 2 contd
Countries borrow money
Current national debt canada share individual is 58k, total 2.2 trillion
Less money to deal with problems, bad position
Slide 28 Health & Globalization: Challenge 1
Travel spread covid
Slide 29 Health & Globalization
Structural functionalism, everything connected
No one chose globalisation, world smaller, tech
Cause less tax worse workers
Compete with everyone
Part 2: Universal/Free vs. Privatized Healthcare
Slide 32 The Start of Universal Medical Care
Need tax, affect everyone
Tommy douglas founded free medical in saskatchewan
Meritocracy, hard work=success
Farming not meritocratic, sunshine, rain hail
Bad year bad leg rest of life
Slide 33 The Start of Universal Medical Care contd
Born rich better off, nepo babies, not meritocratic
Slide 34 The Start of Universal Medical Care contd
You poor your fault
Slide 35 ASIDE: The Role of Framing
Some deaths not talked about, covid not opioid reporting
Slide 36 ASIDE: The Role of Framing contd
Drugs from doctors
Rich-good for you even though maybe generational, poor it’s your fault
Slide 37 The State of Canadian Care
Tech more expensive, health more expensive, ultrasounds, xray, surgery etc
Shooting up in 90s cus less tax
Slide 38 The State of Canadian Care contd
If government can’t pay, we pay, private
Everyone but US no free health
Slide 39 The State of Canadian Care contd
US most expensive, doctor must help even if you can’t pay, hippocratic oath
Slide 40 The State of Canadian Care contd
Private quality lower overall but rich get better quality
In canada can’t skip wait time even if rich
Slide 41 The State of Canadian Care contd
For profit, 11-15%
Slide 42 The State of Canadian Care contd
Supply and demand, free market
First bit of cost is on you
Slide 43 The State of Canadian Care contd
No power cus no time and money
Tragedy and financial instability
Slide 44 The State of Canadian Care contd
Us: Big pharma,
canada: deal with government who represents everyone or no deal
Slide 45 drug prices in canada vs. philadelphia
Big difference
Part 3: Mental Health A Hidden Epidemic
Slide 49 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic
Spectrum
Mental health: mental function performance
Mental illness: abnormal thinking, significant distress and/or impairment in daily function
Slide 50 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Extent and Impact of Mental Illness
Hidden cus had stigma
Affect a lot
Slide 52 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Problems with Fixing the Problem
Socially defined
Don’t know if worse before
Recognize different things, culture
Men depression to substance abuse, things turn to different problems
Work too hard
Mental illness protected right, no firing, insurance
Slide 53 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Problems with Fixing the Problem contd
Tied to culture
Beauty standards in north america
No depression in japan
Bleach skin
Slide 54 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Problems with Fixing the Problem contd
Tied to morality
Why sad?
Abnormal or supposed to happen
Placebo effect?
What someone discloses, self-defining, some control on mind
Slide 55 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Problem with Fixing the Problem
Suicide bomber mentally ill, air force bomber not, legitimacy of cause, root for underdogs
Slide 56 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Problem with Fixing the Problem contd
Concentration death camp, death sentence uc prison, Subjectivity of mental illness
Slide 57 3 key points:
How you define is important, what’s abnormal or not
Definition based on consensus vs. biology, different than medicine
Consensus is strong, what’s mental illness, killing?, what’s normal suffering
Part 4: Mental Health Stigmatization
Slide 59 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill
Erving goffman, canadian sociologist, dramaturgical perspective
Scripts (conversation), props (clothes), roles (positions in different contexts)
Slide 60 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
Front stage: show world
Backstage: true self
Slide 61 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
Fear of mentally ill for 3 reasons
Don’t follow norms, like neurodivergence
nervous
Slide 62 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
End up in prison, 2 norms
Folkways-customs, habits, and manners
Laws-seatbelt
Mental illness less likely to follow, in trouble with police, lead to assault etc and prison
Slide 63 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
Illegitimate violence and mental illness
School shootings, mental health issues
Slide 64 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
Stigma of mental illness and violence
Slide 65 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
Factors why stigma stays
Part 5: Corporations & Bad Science
Slide 67 The Problem with Corporate Influence
Competition as coercive force (marx)
Weber’s principle of bureaucracy: job over morals
Slide 68 The Problem with Corporate Influence contd
Who holds corporations responsible,
consumers, government, justice system
Slide 69 Corporate Funding of Science
Can corrupt doctors for capitalism
Slide 70 Cost of Doing Business
Lance armstron survive cancer, good biking but doping, but rich
Worth it to cheat, life better
Slide 71 Cost of Doing Business contd
Sackler market oxycontin as fine, sued by government
15 billion net worth but only 4 billion penalty, still rich
Slide 72 When Science is Dismissed for Opinion
Bad science, cigarettes were good, funded by private industry
Slide 73 When Science is Dismissed for Opinion contd
Academic science vs. private science
Slide 74 When Science is Dismissed for Opinion contd
Spurious, thought is related but not
variables
Finishing The Sociology of Education- Part 2
Slide 8 race, ethnicity, & education
Success is different
Symbolic interactionism, micro, meaning from circumstance
Slide 9 symbolic interactionism & education
Immigrants better in education, sacrifices from parents, put pressure and take on pressure
Slide 11 race, ethnicity, & education
Indigenous worse
Slide 12 race, ethnicity, & education contd
Residential schools, intergenerational trauma
Eg ukraine and russia, assmilation
Slide 13 race, ethnicity, & education contd
Very bad, sexual and physical abuse, more likely to survive war than residential schools
Slide 14 Symbolic Interactionism & Education
Cultural genocide
Slide 15 Symbolic Interactionism & Education contd
Important to learn
Slide 16 Symbolic Interactionism & Education contd
Create meaning and how to engage with, immigrant children vs. indigenous difference
Health & Mental Health
Part 1: Globalisation & The COVID Pandemic
Slide 19 Health & Globalization
Globalisation: more connected, no boundaries, interact with everyone and everything
Easier travel
Health challenges
Slide 20 Health & Globalization: Challenge 1
Quick disease spread
Zika virus rio olympics, mosquitos
Covid, hard to stop, long to study
Antibiotic resistant Stis, problems elsewhere
Bad things cause militarization, terrorism
More people struggling more diseases
Black plague, different countries attacking
Slide 21 Health & Globalization: Challenge 2
Harder to tax corporations and rich
Can just leave if high tax and operate everywhere
Apple left to ireland,
Slide 22 Health & Globalization: Challenge 2 contd
High tax people leave
Slide 23 Health & Globalization: Challenge 3
Bad working conditions in poor countries
Race to bottom, cheapest,
Attract more,
less wages, more poverty
Slide 24 Health & Globalization: Challenge 3 contd
Cheapest way to live, hunting
Slide 25 Health & Globalization: Challenge 3 contd
Product of poverty
Covid from bats, poor people poach to survive
Slide 26 Health & Globalization: Challenge 2
More likely for disease
Government less prepared to deal cus less tax
Less corporate tax 30% 90s, 28% now
Slide 27 Health & Globalization: Challenge 2 contd
Countries borrow money
Current national debt canada share individual is 58k, total 2.2 trillion
Less money to deal with problems, bad position
Slide 28 Health & Globalization: Challenge 1
Travel spread covid
Slide 29 Health & Globalization
Structural functionalism, everything connected
No one chose globalisation, world smaller, tech
Cause less tax worse workers
Compete with everyone
Part 2: Universal/Free vs. Privatized Healthcare
Slide 32 The Start of Universal Medical Care
Need tax, affect everyone
Tommy douglas founded free medical in saskatchewan
Meritocracy, hard work=success
Farming not meritocratic, sunshine, rain hail
Bad year bad leg rest of life
Slide 33 The Start of Universal Medical Care contd
Born rich better off, nepo babies, not meritocratic
Slide 34 The Start of Universal Medical Care contd
You poor your fault
Slide 35 ASIDE: The Role of Framing
Some deaths not talked about, covid not opioid reporting
Slide 36 ASIDE: The Role of Framing contd
Drugs from doctors
Rich-good for you even though maybe generational, poor it’s your fault
Slide 37 The State of Canadian Care
Tech more expensive, health more expensive, ultrasounds, xray, surgery etc
Shooting up in 90s cus less tax
Slide 38 The State of Canadian Care contd
If government can’t pay, we pay, private
Everyone but US no free health
Slide 39 The State of Canadian Care contd
US most expensive, doctor must help even if you can’t pay, hippocratic oath
Slide 40 The State of Canadian Care contd
Private quality lower overall but rich get better quality
In canada can’t skip wait time even if rich
Slide 41 The State of Canadian Care contd
For profit, 11-15%
Slide 42 The State of Canadian Care contd
Supply and demand, free market
First bit of cost is on you
Slide 43 The State of Canadian Care contd
No power cus no time and money
Tragedy and financial instability
Slide 44 The State of Canadian Care contd
Us: Big pharma,
canada: deal with government who represents everyone or no deal
Slide 45 drug prices in canada vs. philadelphia
Big difference
Part 3: Mental Health A Hidden Epidemic
Slide 49 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic
Spectrum
Mental health: mental function performance
Mental illness: abnormal thinking, significant distress and/or impairment in daily function
Slide 50 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Extent and Impact of Mental Illness
Hidden cus had stigma
Affect a lot
Slide 52 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Problems with Fixing the Problem
Socially defined
Don’t know if worse before
Recognize different things, culture
Men depression to substance abuse, things turn to different problems
Work too hard
Mental illness protected right, no firing, insurance
Slide 53 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Problems with Fixing the Problem contd
Tied to culture
Beauty standards in north america
No depression in japan
Bleach skin
Slide 54 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Problems with Fixing the Problem contd
Tied to morality
Why sad?
Abnormal or supposed to happen
Placebo effect?
What someone discloses, self-defining, some control on mind
Slide 55 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Problem with Fixing the Problem
Suicide bomber mentally ill, air force bomber not, legitimacy of cause, root for underdogs
Slide 56 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Problem with Fixing the Problem contd
Concentration death camp, death sentence uc prison, Subjectivity of mental illness
Slide 57 3 key points:
How you define is important, what’s abnormal or not
Definition based on consensus vs. biology, different than medicine
Consensus is strong, what’s mental illness, killing?, what’s normal suffering
Part 4: Mental Health Stigmatization
Slide 59 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill
Erving goffman, canadian sociologist, dramaturgical perspective
Scripts (conversation), props (clothes), roles (positions in different contexts)
Slide 60 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
Front stage: show world
Backstage: true self
Slide 61 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
Fear of mentally ill for 3 reasons
Don’t follow norms, like neurodivergence
nervous
Slide 62 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
End up in prison, 2 norms
Folkways-customs, habits, and manners
Laws-seatbelt
Mental illness less likely to follow, in trouble with police, lead to assault etc and prison
Slide 63 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
Illegitimate violence and mental illness
School shootings, mental health issues
Slide 64 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
Stigma of mental illness and violence
Slide 65 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
Factors why stigma stays
Part 5: Corporations & Bad Science
Slide 67 The Problem with Corporate Influence
Competition as coercive force (marx)
Weber’s principle of bureaucracy: job over morals
Slide 68 The Problem with Corporate Influence contd
Who holds corporations responsible,
consumers, government, justice system
Slide 69 Corporate Funding of Science
Can corrupt doctors for capitalism
Slide 70 Cost of Doing Business
Lance armstron survive cancer, good biking but doping, but rich
Worth it to cheat, life better
Slide 71 Cost of Doing Business contd
Sackler market oxycontin as fine, sued by government
15 billion net worth but only 4 billion penalty, still rich
Slide 72 When Science is Dismissed for Opinion
Bad science, cigarettes were good, funded by private industry
Slide 73 When Science is Dismissed for Opinion contd
Academic science vs. private science
Slide 74 When Science is Dismissed for Opinion contd
Spurious, thought is related but not
variables
Finishing The Sociology of Education- Part 2
Slide 8 race, ethnicity, & education
Success is different
Symbolic interactionism, micro, meaning from circumstance
Slide 9 symbolic interactionism & education
Immigrants better in education, sacrifices from parents, put pressure and take on pressure
Slide 11 race, ethnicity, & education
Indigenous worse
Slide 12 race, ethnicity, & education contd
Residential schools, intergenerational trauma
Eg ukraine and russia, assmilation
Slide 13 race, ethnicity, & education contd
Very bad, sexual and physical abuse, more likely to survive war than residential schools
Slide 14 Symbolic Interactionism & Education
Cultural genocide
Slide 15 Symbolic Interactionism & Education contd
Important to learn
Slide 16 Symbolic Interactionism & Education contd
Create meaning and how to engage with, immigrant children vs. indigenous difference
Health & Mental Health
Part 1: Globalisation & The COVID Pandemic
Slide 19 Health & Globalization
Globalisation: more connected, no boundaries, interact with everyone and everything
Easier travel
Health challenges
Slide 20 Health & Globalization: Challenge 1
Quick disease spread
Zika virus rio olympics, mosquitos
Covid, hard to stop, long to study
Antibiotic resistant Stis, problems elsewhere
Bad things cause militarization, terrorism
More people struggling more diseases
Black plague, different countries attacking
Slide 21 Health & Globalization: Challenge 2
Harder to tax corporations and rich
Can just leave if high tax and operate everywhere
Apple left to ireland,
Slide 22 Health & Globalization: Challenge 2 contd
High tax people leave
Slide 23 Health & Globalization: Challenge 3
Bad working conditions in poor countries
Race to bottom, cheapest,
Attract more,
less wages, more poverty
Slide 24 Health & Globalization: Challenge 3 contd
Cheapest way to live, hunting
Slide 25 Health & Globalization: Challenge 3 contd
Product of poverty
Covid from bats, poor people poach to survive
Slide 26 Health & Globalization: Challenge 2
More likely for disease
Government less prepared to deal cus less tax
Less corporate tax 30% 90s, 28% now
Slide 27 Health & Globalization: Challenge 2 contd
Countries borrow money
Current national debt canada share individual is 58k, total 2.2 trillion
Less money to deal with problems, bad position
Slide 28 Health & Globalization: Challenge 1
Travel spread covid
Slide 29 Health & Globalization
Structural functionalism, everything connected
No one chose globalisation, world smaller, tech
Cause less tax worse workers
Compete with everyone
Part 2: Universal/Free vs. Privatized Healthcare
Slide 32 The Start of Universal Medical Care
Need tax, affect everyone
Tommy douglas founded free medical in saskatchewan
Meritocracy, hard work=success
Farming not meritocratic, sunshine, rain hail
Bad year bad leg rest of life
Slide 33 The Start of Universal Medical Care contd
Born rich better off, nepo babies, not meritocratic
Slide 34 The Start of Universal Medical Care contd
You poor your fault
Slide 35 ASIDE: The Role of Framing
Some deaths not talked about, covid not opioid reporting
Slide 36 ASIDE: The Role of Framing contd
Drugs from doctors
Rich-good for you even though maybe generational, poor it’s your fault
Slide 37 The State of Canadian Care
Tech more expensive, health more expensive, ultrasounds, xray, surgery etc
Shooting up in 90s cus less tax
Slide 38 The State of Canadian Care contd
If government can’t pay, we pay, private
Everyone but US no free health
Slide 39 The State of Canadian Care contd
US most expensive, doctor must help even if you can’t pay, hippocratic oath
Slide 40 The State of Canadian Care contd
Private quality lower overall but rich get better quality
In canada can’t skip wait time even if rich
Slide 41 The State of Canadian Care contd
For profit, 11-15%
Slide 42 The State of Canadian Care contd
Supply and demand, free market
First bit of cost is on you
Slide 43 The State of Canadian Care contd
No power cus no time and money
Tragedy and financial instability
Slide 44 The State of Canadian Care contd
Us: Big pharma,
canada: deal with government who represents everyone or no deal
Slide 45 drug prices in canada vs. philadelphia
Big difference
Part 3: Mental Health A Hidden Epidemic
Slide 49 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic
Spectrum
Mental health: mental function performance
Mental illness: abnormal thinking, significant distress and/or impairment in daily function
Slide 50 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Extent and Impact of Mental Illness
Hidden cus had stigma
Affect a lot
Slide 52 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Problems with Fixing the Problem
Socially defined
Don’t know if worse before
Recognize different things, culture
Men depression to substance abuse, things turn to different problems
Work too hard
Mental illness protected right, no firing, insurance
Slide 53 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Problems with Fixing the Problem contd
Tied to culture
Beauty standards in north america
No depression in japan
Bleach skin
Slide 54 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Problems with Fixing the Problem contd
Tied to morality
Why sad?
Abnormal or supposed to happen
Placebo effect?
What someone discloses, self-defining, some control on mind
Slide 55 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Problem with Fixing the Problem
Suicide bomber mentally ill, air force bomber not, legitimacy of cause, root for underdogs
Slide 56 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Problem with Fixing the Problem contd
Concentration death camp, death sentence uc prison, Subjectivity of mental illness
Slide 57 3 key points:
How you define is important, what’s abnormal or not
Definition based on consensus vs. biology, different than medicine
Consensus is strong, what’s mental illness, killing?, what’s normal suffering
Part 4: Mental Health Stigmatization
Slide 59 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill
Erving goffman, canadian sociologist, dramaturgical perspective
Scripts (conversation), props (clothes), roles (positions in different contexts)
Slide 60 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
Front stage: show world
Backstage: true self
Slide 61 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
Fear of mentally ill for 3 reasons
Don’t follow norms, like neurodivergence
nervous
Slide 62 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
End up in prison, 2 norms
Folkways-customs, habits, and manners
Laws-seatbelt
Mental illness less likely to follow, in trouble with police, lead to assault etc and prison
Slide 63 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
Illegitimate violence and mental illness
School shootings, mental health issues
Slide 64 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
Stigma of mental illness and violence
Slide 65 Mental Illness: The Hidden Epidemic Fear of the Mentally Ill contd
Factors why stigma stays
Part 5: Corporations & Bad Science
Slide 67 The Problem with Corporate Influence
Competition as coercive force (marx)
Weber’s principle of bureaucracy: job over morals
Slide 68 The Problem with Corporate Influence contd
Who holds corporations responsible,
consumers, government, justice system
Slide 69 Corporate Funding of Science
Can corrupt doctors for capitalism
Slide 70 Cost of Doing Business
Lance armstron survive cancer, good biking but doping, but rich
Worth it to cheat, life better
Slide 71 Cost of Doing Business contd
Sackler market oxycontin as fine, sued by government
15 billion net worth but only 4 billion penalty, still rich
Slide 72 When Science is Dismissed for Opinion
Bad science, cigarettes were good, funded by private industry
Slide 73 When Science is Dismissed for Opinion contd
Academic science vs. private science
Slide 74 When Science is Dismissed for Opinion contd
Spurious, thought is related but not
variables
ECONOMIC INEQUALITY
Part A: Understanding Income Inequality & The Matthew Effect
Slide 7 What is economic inequality?
Disparity of income between different groups
Rich or poor, study differences, how much money
Slide 8 What is economic inequality? Contd
Operationalizing: abstract concept/ideo to concrete
How long to be sad? Nitty gritty
Flying is simple concept: hard to actually fly
Slide 9 What is economic inequality? Contd
Dunning-kruger effect: overestimate knowledge, uninformed opinion
Social welfare mooching off, not really true, uncommon only 5%, ⅔ of those are disabled, ¼ are single parents, daycare covers wage, shouldn’t work, structural functionalism everything connected
Slide 10 What is economic inequality? Contd
Rich or poor? Past vs present?
Slide 11 inflation
Grew a lot in last few years, things cost more now, wages and costs grow, supply and demand
Consumer price index: basic necessities cost per month, track how much going up
Slide 12 inflation contd
Steady inflations till 70s, globalization in 80s
1$ in 2002 is 6 cents in 1915, 1.57 today
Slide 13 inflation contd
People make more
Slide 14 inflation contd
But adjust for inflation, less
Slide 15 Measuring/Operationalizing Income
Average not good measure
Slide 16 Measuring/Operationalizing Income contd
Prefer median, middle
Slide 17 Example of why this matters:
Average has outliers bill gates billions, pull up, median more representative
Slide 18 Median & Average Household Income in Canada
Average income up a lot but median less
Know statistics, good liar
Slide 19 type of income
Active income, labor/time for money, 9-5
Passive income, not tied to labour/time for money, no work, stocks, house
Slide 20 Passive Income & The Stock Market
Sell shares for money, buy shares for ownership, part owner, each share is part
Slide 21 Passive Income & The Stock Market contd
Bonds: act like bank, loan for interest
Slide 22 Passive Income & The Stock Market contd
Know stocks/bonds for life
Slide 23 Passive Income & The Stock Market contd
Not just active income, mostly passive, marx communist manifesto, revolution
Slide 24 Where are you at? Individual Activity
Percent chance of becoming millionaire
Slide 25 An Example of Passive Income: How the Rich Stay Rich
Jennifer gates, bill gates daughter
Slide 26 An Example of Passive Income: How the Rich Stay Rich contd
Jen gets 5 million for stocks,
Slide 27 An Example of Passive Income: How the Rich Stay Rich contd
Jen doesn’t work, money from interest from stocks
Slide 28 An Example of Passive Income: How the Rich Stay Rich contd
Jen richer after college, pay more when loaning than in cash cus interest
Jen’s money worked, forces that keep rich rich, poor poor
Slide 29 An Example of Passive Income: How the Rich Stay Rich contd
Ready to go with no distractions,
drag/burnt out if have to work=allostatic load, burden of stress and life
Slide 30 An Example of Passive Income: How the Rich Stay Rich contd
Matthew effect: poor stay poor, rich stay rich
Slide 31 the matthew effect
Kylie not self made billionaire but cus she ‘earned’, doesn’t take into account oppurtunities
Slide 32 the matthew effect contd
Lowest 5th, 90% chance no millionaire
98% of nepo babies stay rich
Challenge meritocracy
Slide 33 the matthew effect contd
2% millionaire before 40, 14% in life as a whole
Slide 34 the matthew effect contd
0.1% of canadians will make a million a year
Slide 35 the matthew effect contd
1 in 300 million win lottery
Slide 36 taxing the wealthy
Canada just below average for taxing wealthy, sweden at top
Slide 37 taxing the wealthy contd
Rich Pay more in taxes elsewhere
Slide 38 Tax as a force for equality
Small percent chance of being rich
1st million is hardest, all money from life
Slide 39 Tax as a force for equality contd
Ascribed status: no control, assigned at birth, advantages/disatvantage, family
Achieved status: disadvantage/advantage you work for, degree
Responsible for good stuff from parents, money, not bad, crimes
Part B: How Inequality has changed in Canada since 1980 & Why
Slide 42 Changes in Canadian Inequality Over Time
Inequality grown?, more now
Slide 43 Changes in Canadian Inequality Over Time contd
Income quintile, divided into 5ths
Slide 44 Changes in Canadian Inequality Over Time contd
Highest to lowest , upper-lower class
Slide 45 Changes in Canadian Inequality Over Time contd
Lowest gained least, upper gained most income
Slide 46 Changes in Canadian Inequality Over Time contd
Growth at top, tax a little more even
Slide 47 Changes in Canadian Inequality Over Time contd
Before tax or market income
After tax income
Slide 48 Changes in Canadian Inequality Over Time contd
Little change
Slide 49 Changes in Canadian Inequality Over Time contd
but still difference
Slide 50 measuring income inequality: gini coefficient
Gini measure inequality
Slide 51 measuring income inequality: gini coefficient contd
0-1 or 0-100%
0: no difference in income,
1 or 100%: one person has everything,
Slide 52 gini coefficient
0 equal, 1 unequal
Slide 53 How has Economic Inequality Changed in Canada Since 1980?
Gini grew in canada
Slide 54 How has Economic Inequality Changed in Canada Since 1980? Contd
Rank countries
Slide 55 Gini coefficient by country (World Bank Data)
Us weird, canada middle
Slide 56 Why did Inequality grow so much in Canada?
Rich richer
Workers lose bargaining
Corporate consolidation
Slide 57 1) The Very Rich Get Even Richer
Rich control more money
Slide 58 Why have the rich gained so much?
Ceo paid more
Slide 59 Why have the rich gained so much? contd
Globalzation less leverage, more profit, race to bottom
Slide 60 1) The Very Rich Get Even Richer
Rich earn more than effort
Slide 61 2) Workers Lost Bargaining Power
Labor unions: strikes, band and fight together, holidays, minimum wage, safety standards
Slide 62 2) Workers Lost Bargaining Power contd
Unions disappeared
Slide 63 2) Workers Lost Bargaining Power contd
Want higher wages, Hire for cheaper elsewhere
Slide 64 2) Workers Lost Bargaining Power contd
Strong unions in police, firefighters, teachers, nurses, healthcare cus can’t export
Slide 65 3) Corporate Consolidation means less small business owners
Shift balance of power, conflict theory
Lot of small business owned by middle and upper middle, everything owned individually
Now, corporations globalize, operate everywhere
Big business=cheap, mcdonalds cheaper than homemade, bulk
Slide 66 3) Corporate Consolidation means less small business owners contd
Oakley sunglasses were proudly independent
Luxottica wanted to buy, refused to sell, didn’t want to lose independence
Luxottica stopped selling oakley, oakley less sales and stocks
Luxottica won and bought
More profitable, more likely to survive, big fish eat small fish
Slide 67 3) Corporate Consolidation means less small business owners contd
Corporations drive out small town businesses
Slide 68 3) Corporate Consolidation means less small business owners contd
Small businesses can’t compete
Slide 69 3) Corporate Consolidation means less small business owners contd
Oligopolies, few businesses own everything
less competition, bad for business, implement stuff simultaneously
Slide 70 main take aways:
Inequality grew from
matthew effect
Slide 71 main take aways: contd
Globalization and corporations
Slide 72 main take aways: contd
Why not upset?
Part C: Why Aren’t More People Mad About Rising Inequality?
Slide 74 Rising Inequality and the Lack of Recognition & Response
Revolution, government change, social change, riots
2008 housing crash, occupy wall street and bay street but nothing happened
Slide 75 Rising Inequality and the Lack of Recognition & Response contd
Why not more angry?
Slide 76 Rising Inequality and the Lack of Recognition & Response contd
Second income, get more
More access to debt, get more now, pay later
Slide 77 1. Households Gained an Extra Income
50s, afford everything, good life on one income
Slide 78 1. Households Gained an Extra Income contd
Second income in 50s expected to be good
Slide 79 1. Households Gained an Extra Income contd
More women in workforce, less single income
Slide 80 1. Households Gained an Extra Income contd
Didn’t gain much
Slide 81 1. Households Gained an Extra Income contd
Men’s income down, women’s up back then adjusted for inflation
Slide 82 1. Households Gained an Extra Income contd
Median income decreased, more dual income
Slide 83 1. Households Gained an Extra Income contd
Get mad when do worse than parents
Slide 84 1. Households Gained an Extra Income contd
Still progress, don’t complain, women’s rights but still some inequality
Slide 85 1. Households Gained an Extra Income contd
2 people work instead of 1, accepted, no 3rd income
Slide 86 2. Inequality Became Invisible
Can’t see debt, don’t talk about finances
Wealth = net worth: assets=-liabilities
Slide 87 measuring wealth
Assets own
Liabilities owe
Net worth, assets-liabilities
Slide 88 for example:
Miss bigger picture, prof work but poor
Slide 89 Wealth vs. Income example 2:
Elderly don’t work but rich
Slide 90 2. Inequality Became Invisible: Growth of Debt
Debt grew, houses
Slide 91 2. Inequality Became Invisible: Growth of Debt
Debt was horrible before, desperate and irresponsible, can’t wait for money
Normal now
As debt increases, so does matthew effect, interest as expensive as loan, double
Slide 92 2. Inequality Became Invisible: Growth of Debt
Increase house price, could pay more
Rising debt: invisible inequality
Slide 93 An Example of How Wealth/Debt is Invisible
Families look the same but one’s in debt, one’s rich, live life the same, can’t tell difference
Invisible debt, not angry
Slide 94 for example
Monthly income less cus payments, student debt, mortgage, car + interest
Slide 95 for example contd
One richer, one has more debt interest, matthew effect
Slide 96 lecture conclusions
More inequality, 2nd income, same lifestyle cus debt, rising debt exacerbate matthew effect, critical point, bad, max debt
One Last Thing: Global Income Inequality
Slide 98 measuring poverty
Absolute poverty, no necessities
Relative poverty: poor compared to others
Extreme poverty: less than 2.15 a day
Slide 99 global income inequality
10% extreme poverty
1% own half of global wealth
10% 70-90%
Poorest half barely 1%
Canada rich compared to world
Slide 100 global income inequality contd
Easy in canada to be rich compared to world, eat the rich is us
Part A: The Problem
Slide 6 Manufacturing Job or Sweatshop?
sweatshops
Slide 7 Manufacturing Job or Sweatshop? Contd
apple
Slide 8 What we Can Agree on about Apple Factory:
Work a lot, not paid well, live together, caged windows, suicide nets
Slide 9 What we Can Agree on about Apple Factory: contd
Not good for china
Slide 10 What we Can Agree on about Apple Factory: contd
Apartments and product you’re making is too expensive
Slide 11 What we Can Agree on about Apple Factory: contd
Bad workplace, can be replaced Assembly line, same thing over and over, no breaks, repetitive
Slide 12 Why are workers killing themselves?
No community,
only chores, work a lot, no connection, don’t know roomates names
No hope,
not temporary, no skills, no advancement, can’t afford, no better
alienation
Slide 13 Karl Marx’s Concept of Alienation
Saw industrialization in england, rural to factories
Alienation: estrangement from human’s essential nature
Slide 14 Karl Marx’s Concept of Alienation contd
Humans unique-creative potential: think, creative, pride in labour
Deprived, monotonous cause unhappiness
Slide 15 Why is Alienation So Important to Marx?
No time to think about mental health
Not fun to be animal, get eaten
Slide 16 Why is Alienation So Important to Marx? Contd
Animal in zoo not good, no freedom, depressed, bored
Slide 17 Why is Alienation So Important to Marx? Contd
Maslaw’s hierarchy of needs, Basic, psychological, self-fulfillment needs
Physiological, safety, belong and love, esteem, self-actualization
Meet all needs
Slide 18 An Example Alienation
Make different types of chairs with creativity, whole chair, skilled
Slide 19 An Example Alienation contd
Assembly line chairs, make one part of chair, can’t make whole chair, cheap, fast
cause alienation, repeat, no fulfilment or creativity
Slide 20 Alienation at Apple
Like apple
Slide 21 Manufacturing Job or Sweatshop?
Either make or buy, apathy
Slide 22 Manufacturing Job or Sweatshop? Contd
Ethnocentrism, us vs china, china actually rich, bad in US too
High vs low skill-specifically trained, amazon no peeing in US, bad conditions
Slide 23 Our Role in This
Sad, not my problem but we consume, sweatshops cus cheap
Slide 24 “Justice will not be served until those who are unaffected are as outraged as those who are.” – Benjamin Franklin
Not saluting to hitler, found out wife was jewish, personal, not moral/ethical
Consumers need to advocate so sweatshops stop
Everything connected, can’t separate
Slide 25 check clothes tags
Vietnam, not rich countries, race to bottom
Slide 26 The Bad Sweatshop Factory Jobs
Low skill, no money, sweatshops, apple is good sweatshop
Bangladesh factory collapse, paid bad
Slide 27 Savar Building, Bangladesh Collapse
Saw wall crack, sway building, didn't want to work
Owner got inspector to say it was safe, workers didn’t want to work
If you didn’t work, you’d be fired and not paid for the month you already worked
Had to work to survive
Slide 28 Savar Building, Bangladesh Collapse contd
A lot died and civilians
Have to determine how much human life is worth
Owner only got 3 years jail
Lives worth 200$, 2 months salary but needed to pay for dna test and find body, no spouse, hard to find family cus they moved, can’t pay for lawyers
Most uncollected
Slide 29 The Bad Sweatshop Factory Jobs
Special economic zones: foreign trade and free trade
Things made easier
Slide 30 The Bad Sweatshop Factory Jobs contd
Canada: Tax finished product not things to make it
Slide 31 The Bad Sweatshop Factory Jobs contd
No labour, environmental, worker safety law
Slide 32 The Bad Sweatshop Factory Jobs contd
Mexico: sweatshops Depression, muscle disorders from repetition, chemical exposure only in economic zones, no unions, miscarriages, bad air
Slide 33 The Bad Sweatshop Factory Jobs contd
Owned by US, fire pregnant, abuse, no unions
Slide 34 Labour Market & Globalization
Violations of human rights and international labor standards
Corporations power
Slide 35 Growing Power of Corporations
Corporations not evil, just profit, cheap as possible
Slide 36 What is the Countering Force?
Conflict theory, opposing forces, power and resources they have, government control
Slide 37 Nations Versus Corporations
Power: exert your will, weber added, can overcome resistance
Slide 38 Point to Ponder
Corporations more power than countries
Slide 39 Nations Versus Corporations
⅓ countries richer than corporations, companies ⅔ of top 100
Slide 40 Nations Versus Corporations contd
Individuals rich too
Slide 41 Defining the Problem
Bad work conditions
Powerful corporations
Part B: The Causes
Slide 44 What Is Globalization?
World more interconnected
Slide 45 What Is Globalization? Contd
More interaction
Slide 46 How Did Globalization Occur?
Colonization: appropriating a place/domain for own use
Alexander the great etc
Slide 47 How Did Globalization Occur? Contd
More globalization
Worst generation survived wwi and wwii, great depression,
golden/silent generation, want to prevent future wars and have good economy
Get together with other nations, UN,
bretton woods conference, 44 countries, US make international trade easier, no war
Internationalize economy
Suez canal stuck, raise price, don’t want to come down
Rich and connected countries don’t go to war, too expensive, impact everyone
Slide 48 How Did Globalization Occur? Contd
Governing bodies, US, international monetary fund, international labour, unicef
1944 brentwood
Slide 49 How Did Globalization Occur? Contd
Very successful, globolization up, no nuclear war
Slide 50 How Did Globalization Occur? Contd
Better tech, titanic boat to plane speed
Slide 51 How Did Globalization Occur? Contd
Cable under ocean, now call instantly, emails, business
Slide 52 How Did Globalization Occur? Contd
Kof index,
Economic globalization: trades, investment, debt, reserves, payments
Social globalization: media, calls, mcdonalds, ikeas, immigration, emmigration
Political globalization: UN, embassies
Overall globalization: economic, social, and political
Slide 53 How Did Globalization Occur? Contd
All Globalization up
Slide 54 How Did Globalization Occur? Contd
Most globalized in EU, close together
Slide 55 How Did Globalization Occur? Contd
Economic growth from WWII to 80s
80s, stagnation or go down: uruguay rounds, drugs
Want brentwood again
Slide 56 How Did Globalization Occur? Contd
Uruguay rounds, brentwood pt 2
Bigger corporations, countries want their own corporations respected
Lululemon-canada, apple-US, no mistreatment
Slide 57 How Did Globalization Occur? Contd
Canada: corporations=⅓ -20%, blackberry death was bad
Uruguay round priority: protect companies
Slide 58 How Did Globalization Occur? Contd
Rely in economy for jobs
Slide 59 How Did Globalization Occur? Contd
Economy for pension, invested in stocks
Slide 60 How Did Globalization Occur? Contd
Interest went up, maintain home value, 2008 crash, housing bubble, prices drop
Everyone sell, worthless
Slide 61 How Did Globalization Occur? Contd
Lose homes, want free market, economy bad, start to worry, lower interest
Slide 62 Free Market Economics
Free market/laissez faire economics: unregulated, no control, do whatever
Invisible hand, supply and demand
Slide 63 Free Market Economics contd
No completely free market, between free market and socialism/communism, tolls
Slide 64 Free Market Economics contd
Progressive tax rates: more tax for more income
Proportional or flat tax rate: same for everyone
Slow public healthcare, just let go, free market
Slide 65 Free Market Economics contd
Free trade agreement, economy grow, uruguay rounds
Slide 66 Free Trade Agreements
Free trade agreement: easier to trade, less restrictions and tarifs
Slide 67 Free Trade Agreements contd
Help economy, don’t know what will happen
Slide 68 Free Trade Agreements contd
Had tarifs, nafta
Slide 69 Free Trade Agreements contd
Tariffs on other cheaper countries, protect your own stuff, make cheaper, mexico corn
Slide 70 Free Trade Agreements contd
No tariffs, no own country but better for citizens, pay less, canada corn
Slide 71 Free Trade Agreements contd
Cheaper to make cars in mexico than detroit, mexico needs jobs
Slide 72 Free Trade Agreements contd
Consumers better off, balance off, switch industries, more specialized, skills
Slide 73 Free Trade Agreements contd
Non-tariff barriers-restrict trade without tariffs
Quota: limit
Embargo: ban
Sanctions: restrict
Levies: seize for payment of debt
Slide 74 Free Trade Agreements contd
Framework to make predictable investments, change rules, can sue governments if change rules, easier economy
Slide 75 Free Trade Agreements contd
Canada pay cus don’t let nestle take water, can’t dump chemicals
Slide 76 Free Trade Agreements problems
Tax break to protect workers, not free market cus government interfere
Slide 77 Free Trade Agreements problems
Us can have dolphin safe, mexico can’t unfair, have to remove labels cus unfair
Slide 78 More Power for Corporations over Nations
After WWII, increase trade, globalozation, better tech
Economic growth till 80s when stagnant
Come together, protect against non-tariff barriers, brentwood
Power to corporations over governments cus they can sue
Slide 79 More Power for Corporations over Nations
Race to bottom, play-off, apple to ireland
Slide 80 More Power for Corporations over Nations
Have to do what parents say cus live with them, apple obey US
Slide 81 More Power for Corporations over Nations
Now apple moved out, go to ireland
Slide 82 More Power for Corporations over Nations
Corporate taxes drop, race to bottom, compete against each other
Slide 83 More Power for Corporations over Nations
Conflict theory: corporations more power, countries don’t cooperate
Slide 84 More Power for Corporations over Nations
More money, more powerful than countries
Part C: Labour Effects
Slide 86 Who Else Can Resist Corporate Profits
Bourgeoise control work, proletariat work-marx
Slide 87 Who Else Can Resist Corporate Profits contd
Sell for more than take to make-surplus value
Slide 88 Who Else Can Resist Corporate Profits contd
Keep surplus value, rebel, but has corruption, absolute power corrupts absolutely
Slide 89 Worker Power/Labour Unions
Labour union: deals with employers
Slide 90 Worker Power/Labour Unions contd
Breaks, safety, minimum age, bloody sunday, beat to go back to work, fought back hard
Slide 91 Worker Power/Labour Unions contd
Want better conditions but more workers want less, pick others
Slide 92 Worker Power/Labour Unions contd
Unionization decline, men
Slide 93 Worker Power/Labour Unions contd
Race to bottom
Slide 94 Worker Power/Labour Unions contd
Job exportation -move
Slide 95 Worker Power/Labour Unions contd
Bangladesh protest, make unions but nothing happened cus another country will take jobs, race to bottom, left bangladesh
Slide 96 conclusion
Systems, tech, global forces, more tech
Problem: corporations more power
Cause: globalization, governments work together, brentwood
Brightside: not evil, goal was world peace, pandora’s box, supply and demand, tech, want cheap, competition
Slide 97 What can be done?
Marx end communist manifesto, working people unite, consumers control
Everyone needs to agree
Slide 98 What can be done? Contd
Shift to focus on fair trade, shift perspectives, cheap not best
Tech can be bad but also good
Foundations of culture
Slide 5 What is Culture?
Doesn’t exist but affects life
Culture: non-material way of life, language, write it to be material
How we think, behave, hold values, comes with material objects
Material and non-material
Slide 6 Material Culture
All tangible objects that define a specific way of life
If culture is lost, you find material culture from ancient societies
Reflect non-material culture, approach to stuff
Slide 7 Non-Material Culture
Non physical, non tangible, can’t engage with senses aspects of life
When culture gone, lose non-material, can gain insight from material,
eg don’t know sea faring people
Influence every part of life, we know what stuff communicates, clothes, norms
Slide 8 Non-Material Culture 1. Symbols
Clothes, symbols that have meaning, recognized by people who share culture
Like country’s animal is symbol of country, eagle, beaver etc, emojis,
peace sign offensive in UK cus cut off fingers using war so can’t use weapons, kissing teeth
Determine how people approach you
Slide 9 Non-Material Culture 2. Values
cultural standards of good/bad, right/wrong, basis of how to live
Take shoes off, hold door open, cleanliness,
individualism good in some places, like canada, collectivism, like japan,
determined by culture
Diversity, equity, inclusion, quebec needs frenchness, less diversity
Grades, what it communicates, intelligence, important, valued, capability, success, competition
Slide 10 Non-Material Culture 3. Norms
Norms and expectations that guide behaviour in society
Sleep 7,8,9,10 hours is norms cus science and medicine, interacting with profs
Expectations for people with jobs, customer always right, doctor should be professional
Treat parents with respect
Symbols, values, norms, values have right or wrong, next level, norms are everything
Values on abstract, norms in practice
Slide 11 3 Types of Norms
Folkways, unwritten, informal rules that guide behaviour
Shaking hands, types of language, no swearing, face front in elevator, no fart
Mores, norms rooted in morality, bad if violate
no stealing, murder, nice to family
Farting is strange, folkway but heroine is bad like mores
Taboos, most extreme norms, central to how to live, universal across cultures
Incest, pedophilia, cannibalism, necrophilia, big deal, super wrong
Norms are culturally and contextually dependent,
no god bless you after sneeze, more in georgia not canada
Asking out cousins not taboo in some places
Murder is more not taboo cus sometimes fine, self defence, military, army, etc
Abstract Quality of Culture
Slide 13 The Abstract Nature of Culture
Especially non-material
Play big role, shape world, what world means, but doens’t exist, not tangible, not outside of culture, if everyone died, it’s gone
Post-modernism theory-no objective explanation for anything, subjective
Objective-truth and fact, no opinions
Subjective-has opinions
Slide 14 Post-Modernism
70s, 80, hippies, drugs, anti-establishment, person sounds high
Objective reality not real cus language blurs everything, colorblind sees things differently
From abstract art, picasso, weird stuff is post-modernism, regular art is modernism
Slide 15 Post-Modernism contd
Jean baudrillard-princess diana car accident death, lots of mourning
People talking about her on news don’t know her, grieve over subjective idea of her
How she presented herself, fashionable, commoner married into royalty
Hyperreality-can’t separate reality from its representation
Mac miller death, don’t know him fr, instagram is fake, inception tricks you, life is simulation
Love means different stuff to people, die or not for you
Postmodernism is deep hole, not practical
Slide 16 The Abstract Nature of Culture
Need to be abstract to understand culture
Ubiquity of culture: everything, everywhere, all at once, can’t escape culture
Obstinance of culture: no one has control over it, but big effect, won’t move willingly
Slide 17 The Obstinance of Culture
Organizations can influence culture, conspiracies can’t be erased, no control
Slide 18 The Obstinance of Culture contd
Marx thought of communism but didn’t start it, not really how supposed to be
Talked about production and value ideas but problem is hard to produce
Labour, effort, no value cus can reproduce idea
Ceos start companies but don’t work, marx says get rid of them, no exploit, work for us
Want small-based society, minimalism, chill, now think it’s type of government, too late
Slide 19 The Obstinance of Culture contd
Tarana burke, #metoo but no credit till alyssa milano celeb from weinstein
When idea comes out, gone, no control-obstinance of culture
Cultural change
Slide 21 Transmission of Culture
Cultural transmission: how passed down with socialization
Socialistion: lifelong process of learning expected material and non-material culture,
primary socialization: pass down culture with family and friends, interact when child, intentionally passed down, teach emojis, and unintentionally, don’t need to learn language
Slide 22 Primary Socialization
Humans are social animals, bad animal, not strong etc, vulnerable
Kids quick observations, strength when together, learn to survive naturally from socialization
Slide 23 Primary Socialization contd
Closer to primary socialization, more it sticks
Exposed to stuff in uni, question yourself cus it’s from family
Culture follows path dependency-once something goes a certain way, stay on it cus consequences, upper years path dependent to major or will slow, just graduate
Slide 24 Path Dependency
Keyboards, qwerty not most efficient but it’s what we stick with, dvorak better, material
Slide 25 Path Dependency & Sex
Non-material same, sex was more serious, associated with disease, syphilis
Single moms before birth control, no paternity laws, no child support, bad
Sex frowned upon, regulated, bad consequences, conservatism
Slide 26 Path Dependency & Sex contd
Better medicine, birth control, std, etc, nature changed
Sex positivity movement-everyone should have space to embody and explore sexuality and gender without shame or judgment, no stigma, normal as life, discuss normally, good sexed
Slide 27 Path Dependency & Sex contd
Highly controversial, bad sex culture, no sexed
Cultural lag-culture needs time to catch up, cause social conflict, culture not as fast as society, gets phone early but movies is pg 13
Slide 28 Cultural Lag
Scientists put monkey in enclosure, banana at ladder, if try to climb, get sprayed
Develop culture not to climb ladder, get kicked, no spray
Put in new monkeys, still beat them, learn don’t climb ladder
Keep adding new monkeys till monkeys never sprayed, cultural norm not to climb ladder
Don’t know why it’s rule but still follow rule, no spray
Once trait develops, people resistant to change cus think its there for good reason
Gay vs straight, gay written bad in religion, bad for reason even if circumstances changed, no real good reason
Right to bear arms changed, maybe gun control cus more powerful but need to stick
Slide 29 Secondary Socialization
Socialized outside family, many cultures and levels, country, province, city etc
Popular culture-popular stuff with majority
Mainstream culture-patterns that fits societies ideals and values
Pop culture and mainstream not always in sync
Sexulaise women in pop culture, not good in mainstream
Cognitive dissonance, teen depression, mainstream say beauty no matter but culture no
Slide 30 Secondary Socialization contd
Sub culture-patterns that set apart segment of population,
chinese, french, etc, places, friend groups
Counter-culture-push back on mainstream or pop to change how society operates
minimalism
Counter is subculture, anything not mainstream is sub, sub can be main,
sexual identities and gender became mainstream
Counter can change to mainstream, feminism and voting
Subculture doesn't need to be counter culture, sports music
Slide 31 Secondary Socialization contd
Exposed to sub and counter, learn about main-secondary-cause cognitive dissonance
Slide 32 Secondary Socialization contd
New ideas-conflict in mind, doesn't need to be done this way, different religions, place
Cultural displacement-no home culture cus went to new one, don’t belong in new but adapt and change and take some things but go back and don’t fit in, between stuff, no belonging
Saskatchewan to ontario, academic not farmer
Slide 33 Cultural Displacement
Music video, back to middle east, joy but now outsider, no prayers, clothes, job, no fit in
Slide 34 Cultural Diffusion
Cognitive dissonance
Cultural diffusion: mix
A lot since globalization-worldwide flow, integration and stuff cus more communication and economic interests, more connected
Slide 35 Cultural Diffusion contd
Liquid modernity-cultural develop, cultural diffusion, culture in constant state of flux, change faster
Upper year uni don’t know freshmen
Cause polarization cus different, grow up with phones
Media & technology
Slide 38 media
Primary way to get socialized secondarily, learn about world, value culture, big role
Slide 39 Fake News
Trump, news is enemy of people
Slide 40 Fake News contd
Rise since tech of non-science beliefs, unverified from studies
Slide 41 Fake News contd
Slide 42 Fake News contd
Slide 43 Fake News contd
Slide 44 Fake News contd
World is round, vaccines mostly very safe, 2020 election not rigged, kids of gay parents fine
Slide 45 Fake News contd
Know cus science
Slide 46 Fake News contd
Trust cus follows methodology that gets to objective truth, don’t rely on social location, hypothesis, tests, studies, audits, court for election
Need to take research class, how to do studies
Slide 47 Fake News contd
Need science to know what’s true, when backseat is dangerous
Dark ages cus ran on religion, wrong=burned
Rely on confirmation bias, look for evidence, comforting lies, uncomfortable with truth, global warming
Slide 48 Fake News contd
Rise in believing unscientific stuff
Lots of science says world round but 1/3 teens say no
Our generation most likely to believe conspiracies
Slide 49 Fake News contd
Vax safe, kids say no
Slide 50 Fake News contd
Kids of gay parents fine, more open-minded, less judgmental, good things, negative cus stigmatization cus not straight parents, ⅓ americans say not ok
Slide 51 Fake News contd
Everything says election fine, no irregularities but trump says no, ⅓ americans agree
Slide 52 Fake News contd
Beliefs matter, jan 6, global warming hoax, politicians believe so don’t help, healthcare workers no vaccines, most of world doesn’t allow gay adoption but no evidence against, q-anon-rich elite molest kids, cannibalise, run stuff behind scenes, woke person
Slide 53 Fake News contd
Our generation, young people, might get worse
3 trends
Newer more skecptical, critically think
Internet and social media as evidence
Feedback loop with politics, social media, news
Slide 54 Fake News contd Trend 1
Trend 1, our generation unique, more skeptical and critically think more
Big leap, question authority more than before, because i said so is invalid argument
Don’t challenge authority before, now everyone challenged
Slide 55 Fake News contd Trend 1
Not necessarily bad, should challenge but inefficient at work, disrespect
Can’t argue with TAs, want to change stuff, need to explain why right, inefficient
Doesn’t work for military to decide where to attack
Entitlement? More experience, upset always challenged
Challenge doctor, lack respect for experience
Why believe science? Don’t know why, need to try to understand, respect experience
Slide 56 Fake News contd Trend 2
Want to challenge everything, own research, end up on internet and social media
False info
Social media makes money on keeping you there, ads, show what you like to keep
Cause confirmation bias
Slide 57 Fake News contd Trend 2
Google search results different, first link only right for you
Dylan roof thinks whites in danger, murdered people, google told him
Slide 58 Fake News contd Trend 2
Younger people influence by non-scientific belief
Slide 59 Fake News contd Trend 3
Feedback loop from news, media, politics
More people watch, more ads, fox give conservative stuff
State-sponsored news more boring than private stuff
Slide 60 Fake News contd Trend 3
You are product, viewership over news
Slide 61 Fake News contd Trend 3
News doesn't need to be right, free speech
Feedback loop-outcome causes input,
Being stressed makes cancer worse then worse and you’re anxious
Slide 62 Fake News contd Trend 3
Some people think bigfoot is real, news reports cus people talking about it
Politician says to stop bigfoot, self sufficient chain of belief
media believe, news, and politician believe
Slide 63 Fake News contd
People believe, news report, politician wants to be elected, feed on each other
Legitimise false stuff
Slide 64 Social Media & Fake News
Soroush vosoughi-biggest social media study
Slide 65 Social Media & Fake News contd
False stuff on twitter spread more than truth, want to spread new stuff
In the know, exclusive, feel smarter
React more, click something off, promoted more cus entertaining, engaged
Slide 66 Mass Media
Mass-reach lots of people
Media-don’t engage face to face, passive/online
Was one-sided, tv, billboard, can’t interact
Now 2 way, social media, good for democracy, can engage and creat but no filter
Slide 67 History of Mass Media
Tech drives change, tech developed fast
3 trends, want structure for why stuff change, not individual, west
Protestant reformation, more literate, engage with bible by yourself, not priest, agency
Expansion of democracy, no longer monarchy, votes, know how to read to know what to vote, media coverage important
Capitalist industrialization, everything formal, bureaucracy, money, ads, algorithms to be on longtime
Slide 68 Functionalist View of Media
Coordinate, share info, road closures
Agent of socilaisation, values from tv, trends, beauty standards
Social control: conformity, expect norms, mores
Entertainment
Memorize! C.a.s.e.
Dysfunction in media
Nacrotization: as more consume, overwhelmed by info, numb, tune out, less energy, lots of negativity, need to turn off
Slide 69 Conflict Theory View of Media
Institutions like media not positive for society
Not democratic, only elite and powerful control and influence
Broadcast stuff, beliefs, values, ideas, create acceptance, meritocracy, underdog stories, do what put mind to, business stuff, bill gates rich not garage, keep thinking society functions well but not
Concentrated, owned, influence what talk about
Slide 70 Hegemony
Antonio gramsci, italian communist from prison
Hegemony-social, cultural, ideologic, economic influence by dominant group
Win against monarchy, police get you, more subtle now
Promote ideas to accept stuff even if shouldn't, meritocracy
Ask if lower class feel disadvantaged at uni, say no cus have work ethic, not real
Social, cultural, economic benefit is big, upper class get leg-up, outperform, can’t just work hard, keeps from revolting against system
Slide 71 US Media Influence
Us strongest influence in world, canada dominated by us, needs percent of canadian stuff
Cultural imperialism, take over influence over other, more symbolic and subtle, hollywood, make music and media, good image, positive, immigrants famous, talented people, movie stars
Benefit us, disadvantage others
Canadians like canadian news but like US tv and movies, now bollywood and korea
Slide 72 Example of Media Concentration
Rogers own a lot of stuff, media devices, how to engage, big influence, conflict theory says it’s bad
Slide 73 Symbolic Interactionist View of Media & Technology
How engage with media
Consume social media more, only confirmation bias, uncomfortable say unpopular stuff in person, say it online, world is flat
Tribalism-different tribes and groups that have ideas and embolden people, cause polarization, believe strongly, no middle, good or bad
Slide 74 Symbolic Interactionist View of Media & Technology contd
Phones make us available, consume constantly, way you live
Blur boundary between separating from media, notifications, engage all the time
More anxiety, glavin, work was isolated, people can’t reach but now can text, less separation, watch kids games and work, more anxiety, maybe cell phone dependency
Power outage cause real outage, lose connection, crisis, organic, potential for bad
Slide 76 Symbolic Interactionist View of Media & Technology contd
Tech is structure, change society
Dating apps-change dating, worse, easier to find people before
40% of women got 90% of men’s likes
Men only got 10% of likes, womanizers, less serious, incels, more women than men, no likes, society broken, women no likes get depressed
Part 1: Opening discussion
Slide 11 Studying Gender
Social location: where we are in society determines how we see society
See different cus different experiences
Ascribed status: no control
Achieved status: control over
Slide 12 Studying Gender contd
Different statuses change how affect you, can hide he’s professor
Harder to hide other statutes: master statuses, race and gender
Shape very interaction in world, how see the world, how society treats and interacts with you
Slide 13 Studying Gender contd
Weber-verstehen-in others shoes
Were macro, now micro topics, gender and race, personal consequences
Slide 14 Studying Gender contd
Weird lecture, white straight guy, tries his best, social location
Partner longer to walk to house, not walk slow but didn’t cut parks at night, dangerous
Slide 15 Studying Gender contd
Social location bias from feminism, standpoint theory, sandra harding
Women going into academia, challenge how it was ran
Epistemology-nature and origins of knowledge
Sociology was missing female perspectives, problematic, what we find interesting depends on who we are, study student debt cus had student debt
Slide 16 Studying Gender contd
Dorothy smith-everyday world as problematic
Scholars from marginalised communities experience difference, unwelcome
Feminism got interviews, experiences,
before was stats and history, one person’s opinion doesn’t matter, wasn’t legitimate
men=macro, global warming and economics
Women dealt with minutia, interact with people, emotional labor, symbolic interactionism, micro
Slide 17 Studying Gender contd
Patricia collins, black feminist thought, precursor of intersectionality
Matrix of oppression, iphone 14
Intersectionality was additive, iphone 16
Precursor to social location bias
Slide 18 Studying Gender contd
Don’t wanna be called feminist cus heard ideas
Feminist: social, economical, political equality between sexes, regardless of biology, equal rights, not feminism definition
Theories, ideal types, elephants, core, dogs, general no particulars
Different types of feminism, no one type, different views, some counter opposed
Some progressive, feminist to stay home, conservative, think shouldn’t stay home, perpetuate male domination, look down, both feminism
feminist=equality, feminism=how it looks like, how to get there
Slide 19 Feminism
4 tenants
1.patriarchy, As important as class inequality in determining person’s opportunities in life
2.subordination determined not by biological necessity but structures of power and social convention. subordinate because men enjoy more rights;
3. patriarchy in both micro and macro settings;
4.gender inequality should be changed for the benefit of all members of society. differences in the way boys and girls are raised, barriers to equal opportunity, unequal division of domestic responsibilities between women and men.
Part 2: Spectrums
Slide 21 Studying Gender
Gender studies is new discipline, died to socio, criminology was socio then separated
Big push against gender studies, banned in hungary
Slide 22 Studying Gender contd
Talk about resistance in news
Slide 23 Studying Gender contd
Resistance cus binary vs. spectrum
Sex: biological, male, female intersex, birth
Secuality: physical intimacy, romantic
Gender: social construction, like culture, norms
Non-binary: not male or female all the time
Cisgender: sexual identity match at birth
Slide 24 Studying Gender contd
Gender identity: internal thing, does not depend on external, you decide
Gender expression: how express, internal vs external, don’t say fuck the midterm, stay inside, choose to express
Gender roles: what society says to do as man, woman, non binary, norms
Slide 25 Why do some take issue with Gender Studies?
Backlash against not having a binary, not heterosexual, thought alarming
No black and white, everything grey, debate paper argue both sides, non binary
Slide 26 Why do some take issue with Gender Studies? Contd
Spectrum, male, female, stuff in between
Gender: man woman
Express, feminine masculine
Sexual orientation: women, men, all/both
Sex: male, female, intersex
Asexual: no sexual attraction
Agender: no gender/neutral
Xenogender: lexical gap-no words for smt, can’t articulate
Internal issue
Polygender-multiple genders
Slide 27 Gender Expression as a Spectrum
Know not binary gender expression,
the rock and mr. rogers both men, kendall jenner vs boxer
Slide 28 Biology as a Spectrum
Biological sex not binary hard to understand
Not all male or female
Slide 29 Biology as a Spectrum contd
Intersex-fill lexical gap, no clear anatomical distinction
1.7%, not uncommon, 500k canadians
Slide 30 The Case of Caster Semenya
Professional runner, olympics, gold 800m, 2 laps, masculine
Competitors wanted sex verification test, withdrew from competition, invasive testing
Biological female but made more testosterone
Slide 31 The Case of Caster Semenya contd
Had to take meds to lower testosterone, change natural biology
Only change rule for her races
Slide 32 The Case of Caster Semenya contd
Appealed to swiss court but upheld rules, technically intersex
Slide 33 Biology as a Spectrum
Hard to define male or female
Chromosomes, but different combinations
Internal reproductive organs, testicals, ovaries for make hormones
Hormones, testosterone, estrogen
External reproductive genitals, penis, vagina, at birth
Slide 34 Biology as Non-Binary
Grey even with objective biological facts, different combination of categories
Testosterone not clear, depend on age and other factors
Slide 35 Biology as Non-Binary contd
500 ng/dl take meds, average woman is 70 ng/dl
Men over 45, lower testosterone, “not man”
Slide 36 Biology as Non-Binary contd
Biology social construct, consensus to determine if male or female
Slide 37 Biology as Non-Binary contd
Evolutionary theory: depending on environment, characteristics of animals thrive more than others, change in different directions
Global warming, get web feet, gain advantage, water world,
unique trait-advantage over others, diversity in species, survive better against change
Tall short size biological traits skills, survive in change, diversity
Social aspect, walking dead, zombies, people now not helpful,
eg elon musk, money useless, live in woods, “failure”, good for zombie apocalypse
Some better prepared to thrive in different circumstances
Diversity in nature, every physical trait
Slide 38 Biology as Non-Binary contd
More rare to be 7 ft tall 0.000038% than intersex 1.7%
No issue with tall but issue with intersex even if more rare
Michael phelps, big arms, good swimmer, no problem
Grey area of sex even if classified male or female, different testosterone and estrogen
No 2 categories
Slide 39 Biology as Non-Binary contd
Heteronormativity: opposite sec is natural expression of sexuality, reproduce
Social construct, recent, gays throughout history, alexander the great gay, common in greece, philosphers promoted gay stuff, mentorship, bisexuality was norm before
Wasn't always this way, not unusual
Slide 40 Gender Identity as Non-Binary
Trans: gender identity/expression that transcends rule of gender, identify with other gender than assigned at birth
Slide 41 Gender Identity as a Spectrum
Debate from Cultural diffusion: between country ideas
Canadians support but us doesn’t
Slide 42 Gender Identity as a Spectrum contd
Canada tolerant but can grow, still discrimination
Slide 43 Gender Identity as a Spectrum contd
Canada tolerant
Slide 44 Why are Gender Studies Important?
Need gender studies cus important status, look for gender to determine if attracted
Gender built into language, actor vs actress, no reason for difference
Linguistic relativity: language shapes thoughts and stuff, how perceive and see it depend on language, different languages different expressions, indigenous had many words for snow, we just see snow
Different words for genders and stuff, reinforce that it’s important
Society treats differently by sex, social construction affect
Culture doesn’t really exist but affects us, no exists without us, ubiquitous
Obstinance: no control, taylor swift can’t control, some won’t buy in
Male or female, big affect on life
Men want to be protector, traditional masculinity, women look for it, tall
Don’t want to get spider, control over emotion, handle stuff, suppress
Serious consequences, couldn’t access emotions, stopped them
Emotional pain affect differently, women just depressed,
men get alcohol and drugs, suppress
Pain defined by gender, can’t separate from stuff, need to study, understand ourselves and people around
Part 3: Culture
Slide 46 Culture & Gender Inequality
Culture: symbolic part of life, norms etc
Slide 47 Culture & Gender Inequality contd
Strange straights, academic
Ath dependency, liquid modernity-change faster and faster
Fast and slow to change, generational issue, solidified in 20s, golden age, solidified
Change faster cus like internet,
great and grandparents similar, parents and me different worlds, hard to understand child
Gap is bigger
Georgia like back in time, too pc, back in toronto less pc, went to 4th years for advice for freshment but they don’t know
Move fast between generations, slow when in generation
Sociolization, move through secondary, tvs and stuff, develop values and beliefs
Slide 48 Let’s Talk About Privilege
Didn’t allow left-handedness, beat kids, less stuttering cus not forcing right hand
King’s speech, stutter cus left hand
World not for left hand, right hand tables, right scissors, write left to right
Slide 49 Let’s Talk About Privilege contd
Privilege as right hand, right hand not assholes but not cus right handed
Doesn’t mean to switch to left hand
Acknowledge cus there’s advantages, ascribed vs achieved, accommodate
Metaphor for race, gender etc, differences
People reject, say have hard life too, doesn’t counteract other thing
Just privilege has benefits
Slide 50 Male Privilege
Male privilege, socioeconomic, political or rights just cus man
Men less assaulted, dv, etc
Female News anchor criticised for outfit, man wore same thing, only changed tie
Show different expectations
Slide 51 Male Privilege examples continued….
Drive, don’t need to cover face, gender pay gap
Slide 52 Male Privilege examples continued…. Contd
Don't’ sacrifice career
Slide 53 Male Privilege examples continued…. contd
More politics, women ¼ of politicians, men in movies, lotr
Slide 54 Male Privilege
Has female privilege, lighter sentences for jail, no drafts to war
Talk about male privilege more cus more privileged overall
Slide 55 Male Privilege contd
Male privilege and sexism in culture, hard to see if no experience
Don’t sleep next to creepy people on plane
Slide 56 Male Privilege contd
Men need to recognize, easier to resit than demand privilege, when benefiting
Feminism for men
Slide 57 Male Privilege contd
Resist, share duties, call out playboy who shames, challenge objectification
Story of male privilege
Slide 59 Gender Inequality
Sexism: innate psychological, behavior, intellucatal that men better than women, INNATE
Slide 60 Sexist Beliefs
Men less emotional
Slide 61 Sexist Beliefs contd
Women maternal instincts, naturally better not socialised
Slide 62 Sexist Beliefs contd
More compassionate naturally, hormones, not socilaization
Slide 63 Sexist Beliefs contd
Structural and cultural sexism
Slide 64 Structural Sexism
Structural: institutions make subordination cus sex
Slide 65 Structural Sexism
Women less school, more women for sociology, psych, artsci, nursing teaching
From gender socialisation: direct to different interests and priorities
Men prioritize salary, women look for that, 666 rule
Women prioritize meaningful job, like it, wanna do it, contribute smt, men want money
Slide 66 cultural Sexism
culture reinforce difference, happy meal, different toys, boys vs girls stuff
Slide 67 cultural Sexism
Women move out, but didn’t change how house was ran,
second shift, work but raise children and run house, 2 jobs, try to undo
Slide 68 Current Issues
Toxic masculitny, sexual violence
Gender wage gap
Part 4: Gender Violence
Slide 70 Learning to be Gendered
Men learn to be men, vice versa
Primary source: watch parents, dad or mom, men around
Secondary sources: tv, media
Learn feminine is opposite of man, vice versa
Not attracted cus lifts weights, woman cuts grass, man cooks
Natural sociolization, some direct
Slide 71 Learning to be Gendered contd
Norms, and roles associated, masculinity and femininity
Slide 72 Masculinity
Traditional masculinity, normal expectations
Hegemonic masculinity: justify inequality, get what you deserve, meritocracy justify rich or poor, homeless deserve cus didn’t work, masculinity that promotes domination, homophobia, don’t cry, no nails, hair
Slide 73 What does it mean to be a man in society?
Toxic masculinity, norms that lead to negative behaviour
Slide 74 What does it mean to be a man in society? Contd
All masculinities are traditional, hegemonic and toxic inside
Or can be independent
Women don’t want men with fish in dating apps, outdoors, just traditional, not hegemonic or toxic
Hegemonic is toxic cus promote domination, objectification, homophobia, violence
Toxic, not always hegemonic, not always above, dominant, alcohol and drugs to cope, isolation, can’t communicate
Traditional, toxic, hegemonic-most specific
Social media, men less personal connections, social isolation, bad
Slide 75 Toxic Masculinity
And sexual violence
Slide 76 Toxic Masculinity contd
Draws on all theories, symbolic, conflic, structural
Slide 77 Symbolic Interactionism
micro
Slide 78 Conflict Theory
power
Slide 79 Structural Functionalism
Slide 80 Moving Away From Bad Apple Theory
Bad apple theory, only some people, nothing to do
Dangerous explanation, hard to stop random people, no policies to stop them
Slide 81 Moving Away From Bad Apple Theory contd
Move away, too common, not just bad actors. Too frequent
Smt wrong with system of society
Slide 82 Moving Away From Bad Apple Theory contd
Most women experienced harassment, ⅓ assaulted
Slide 83 1. Mixed Messages in Society
Understand, values taught not problem, respect, inside not outside, no objectification
Slide 84 1. Mixed Messages in Society contd
Problem in economics of society, profit cus competition as coercive world
Woman in bikini to get men to shave, sports illustrated swimsuits, serena williams sexualized
Slide 85 1. Mixed Messages in Society contd
Economy for profit, sex sells well, objectification, porn profitable,
Froom value and culture bad, but economics is good
Slide 86 1. Mixed Messages in Society contd
Cognitive dissonance not to objectify but surrounded with it
Harsher self image for women, know will be judged more know on cognitive level
Slide 87 1. Mixed Messages in Society contd
More objectification
Slide 88 The Men we Idolize
Can get women
Slide 89 1. Mixed Messages in Society
Gillette add to challenge toxic masculinity but only ran add where people would like it
Different stance for demographics
Slide 90 1. Mixed Messages in Society contd
Women at car shows, sex sells, profit
Slide 91 2. Lack of Sexual Education
Sex is stigmatized, when confused, ask parents or authority
Don’t wanna talk about sex with parent
Slide 92 2. Lack of Sexual Education contd
Sex ed controversial, abstinence preffered
Consent is cup of tea, controversial but simple
Slide 93 2. Lack of Sexual Education contd
Info from bad sources, porn, internet, older students
Consent is complex, nuanced, need to be discussed with authority but sex sitgmatised
Naked bum in canada-pg 13, boobs pg14, below belt, pg18
Decide appropriate for kids
Kids get phones at 10, can see whatever
Slide 94 Masculinity
Identify mixed messages don’t discuss sex, doesn’t excuse sexism and bad behaviour
Understand what contributes to problem, structural functionalism
Section 1: Race as a Social vs. Biological Concept
Slide 17 intro
Race, ethnicity, immigration
Slide 18 IS RACE REAL?
Rationality or region, american vs english
Religion, skin color
Race is social construct not biological, biological roots
No principles for different races,
Before race was determined by language
Slide 19 RACE AS A BIOLOGICAL CONCEPT
Munas 99.9% alike, use visible characteristics to sort, facial features
Variation within and outside skin
Slide 20 How about nose structure?
Slide 21 Maybe hair thickness or shape?
Slide 22 How about eye color?
Slide 23 OK skin color then!
Sunburns, makeup
Slide 24 OK skin color then! Contd
Different in white people and asians
Depend on country, may or may not be able to tell difference,
thought indigenous were white, bosnia 3 ethnicities can’t tell
Slide 25 When we use physical features to determine race we often get it wrong.
Rachel dolezal was white but became president as naacp
Slide 26 RACE AS A BIOLOGICAL CONCEPT
Doesn’t matter, socially not scientifically important
Region not race make difference, medical, blood type
Slide 27 RACE AS A SOCIAL CONCEPT
Race: shar physical characteristics, deemed socially significant
perceive=see
Socially significant=culture, history
Black people in us, indigenous in canada
Slide 28 RACE AS A SOCIAL CONCEPT contd
More races before, didn’t like irish
Slide 29 RACE AS A SOCIAL CONCEPT contd
Brazil, different combinations of races
Slide 30 RACE AS A SOCIAL CONCEPT contd
Race is ascribed, no control can kinda influence with dying hair, surgery
Important cus politics, us vs. them
Slide 31 RACE AS A SOCIAL CONCEPT contd
Race social not biological
Section 2: Ethnicity
Slide 33 ETHNICITY
Shared cultural heritage or nationality, social construct
Less physical characteristics, more identity
Language, family structure, religion etc
Canada move out asap, italy stay home, food
Slide 34 RACE vs. ETHNICITY
Race tied to physical
Less fluid, hard to change and hide than ethnicity
Ethnicity, what identify with, can convince others of other, white people all white
Both socially defined and constructed
Both from history
Section 3: immigration
Slide 36 Immigration
Push and pull, country to another
Push factors: wanna leave, war, poor, etc
Pull factors: wanna come, opportunity, etc
Slide 37 Immigration contd
Big in politics
Had big families, many siblings/kids
Slide 38 Immigration contd
Lower birth rate,
Slide 39 Immigration contd
more expensive, less useful cus don’t need to be supported, birth control, social, longer to be financially stable
Slide 40 Immigration contd
Birth rate down everywhere, need 2.1 kids to have stable population, extra 0.1 cus kids die
If population goes down, too many old people to support, pensions
Wants to grow population, important on world scale, china, india, usa
Slide 41 Immigration contd
Accept best and brightest
After war, europe decimated, immigrate, some were different races, discrimination
Now immigrants from more diverse places
Slide 42 Immigration contd
Races: some races better than other
Prejudice: favourable or unfavourable with no proof
Decline bias: things get worse as they change, don’t like changing population
Slide 43 Immigration contd
Scapegoating: blame on someone else
See visible change, easy to blame,
less immigrants cus expensive housing but related to policies etc, wanna live in cities
Canada rich now
More unemployment
Assimilation: need to become like people there when you move, speak english
Pluralism: mix cultures, stay as is
Slide 44 Immigration contd
Want less immigration
Slide 45 Immigration contd
Echo chambers: social media give same views
Misconception: people think from middle east and north africa, racism etc but really 12%
Warped view
Slide 46 Does Immigration Hurt Canada?
Politics is opinion, not facts, popularity contest, democracy, what people want
Immigrants keep economy going, more valuable, more tax, less social assistance
Less unemployment, less arrested, more healthy, smarter
Slide 47 Does Immigration Hurt Canada? Contd
Cus only take best people, point system, brain drain
No old people, criminals, unhealthy etc
Natives can’t immigrate into their own country
Slide 48 Brain Drain: Why immigrants do better
Brain drain, best people
People against immigration but benefit from it
Section 4: Case Study of Racial Discrimination by Police
Slide 50 Current Events
Blm protest, colin kapernick knee during antheml, race important
Awareness, 2013, trayvon martin shot, george zimmer
Walking, looked suspicious, george floyd, breona taylor
Slide 52 Black Lives Matter
Overt discrimination: clear, direct discrimination, won’t sell to them cus black
subtle discrimination: lear or indirect discrimination, won’t sell cus lower credential
Systemic discrimination: pattern in structure, women overtime
Slide 53 Discrimination
Adaptive discrimination, based on prejudice of others
No business overseas but do business in russian, bad, not me but others
Slide 54 Discrimination contd
Cultural racism: in culture
Whitewashing: conceal unpleasant stuff
Confederate flags everywhere, civil war about state’s right not slavery, stonemountain, founding of kkk, black person picnic, reframed,
south didn’t want to stop slavery but didn’t wanna be told what to do
Residential schools were nice
Slide 55 Discrimination contd
Conscious discrimination: know you're racist
Unconscious or implicit discrimination, don’t know, shady on street subconscious
Overt vs subtle is perception, conscious and unconscious is if people know they’re racist
Grandparents, where are you really from-overt and unconscious
Microaggression: small racist thin often unconscious, where are you really from
Slide 56 Critical Race Theory
Race socially constructed
Racism everywhere
Interest convergence, majority with minority, south has resources
intersectional
Slide 57 Quick Review
blm
Slide 59 Anthem Protests & BLM
More white people killed by black people than police in US a year, proportion
More white people than black people-trump
Slide 60 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Black people more likely killed, indigenous more shot too, black people more arrested
Slide 61 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Not just US, canada #2
Slide 62 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Overt and conscious discrimination
some racist police, represent population, racism common
Police kkk, white supremacists try to get into police, minorities are threats, protect
Slide 63 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Starlight tours, punish indigenous people more, make people walk to police in cold, die, police knew it was happening
Slide 64 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Most people don’t like racism, should expect no racism
Slide 65 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Social desirability bias, don’t admit to drugs, not good, don’t wanna be judged on survey, lie
Sampling bias, not representative, young white uneducated men least likely to do surveys, most likely to be racist, trump forecasted not to win in 2016 but didn’t do surveys
Slide 66 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Different way of asking, if racism is problem yet, are others racist
Slide 67 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
White people don’t think there’s discrimination, social location bias
Their truth not whole truth, don’t see extent
Slide 68 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Low perceived frequency for white people
Slide 69 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Subtle and implicit/unconscious racism
Black people more threatening
Slide 70 Police being called for…
Sell water, sit in starbucks, fell asleep in library, babysitting, picnic
Slide 71 Police being called for…contd
Golf, swim, mowing lawn
Associate black people with criminality and threat, saw and news
Slide 72 Anthem Protests & BLM
Systemic cultural racism
Slide 73 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Civil war, north wins, votes, equal protection, no slavery
Slide 74 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Black people elected cus can vote
Black codes, don’t wanna pay, can’t be homeless, pay less, arrested if no job
No indentured servitude except criminals, black people vagrancy
Slide 75 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
More prisoners cus no job, 1st instance that black people commit crime
Why else arrested
Slide 76 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Vote but needs to be literate, if grandparents vote, don’t need to prove literacy but were slaves
Slide 77 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Civil rights movement wasn’t progressive at the time
Slide 78 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Civil rights protest caused arrests, more to stereotype, rosa parks arrested
Slide 79 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Mlk called criminal, liar, whitewashed movement cus weren't progressive
Black people and criminality
Slide 80 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Malcolm x, look after own community, black panther party painted violent
Slide 81 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Started free stuff but advocated for 2nd amendment, guns, others scared
Framed as extreme terrorists
Slide 82 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Fred hampton negotiated peace treaty between gangs, rainbow coalition,
Fight for racial equality
Police raided apartment, killed everyone there
Slide 83 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
But most bullets from police, won lawsuit
Slide 84 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
tied down in monopoly
Slide 85 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
barrier
Slide 86 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Intergenerational trauma-passed down, dna change not social, nervous system, biology
Slide 87 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Take many generations to recover
Slide 88 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Malcolm x preacher, dad murdered, no investigation, mom had mental health issues
Kids separated, servant, said black people shouldn’t be smart
Slide 89 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Dropped out, drugs, jail, reads, released, civil rights leader
Starts family, house burned, assassinated, repeat of father
Slide 90 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Using institutions, police, courts, schools, in system
Oppress people of colour, not biological
institutional
Slide 91 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Nixon election based on racist fears that black people want revenge
Criminalise black people and hippies
Slide 92 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Associate hippies with weed, black people with heroine, criminalise drugs
Knew lying about drugs, vilify
Slide 93 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Was legal to keep segregation recently,
Racial bias cus cultural racism and systemic discrimination, in culture for long time
Slide 94 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Statistical discrimination, seems real using stats
Slide 95 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Black people commit more crime so more police, but catch more and investigate more
Slide 96 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Don’t check white people cheating, only catch black people, seem like black people cheat more, only caught people not white so keep going
Slide 97 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Most drug people arrested black, but white people use it more
Overrepresented and arrested more but as a group, use drugs less
Used to justify problem
Slide 98 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Contact hypothesis, contact with more diversity, used to it, see everyone’s the same, humanize, people are people
Slide 99 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Bad interaction between police and black people, feedback loop
Black people don’t like police, vice versa, negative interaction, don’t like
Police don’t like defunding from blm
Gangs bad history, police hurt them, pretend to snitch on birthday
Slide 100 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Matthew effect, rich stay rich, Slide 101 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
why black people are poor cus couldn’t build wealth
Slide 102 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Feel less mastery-less control
Slide 103 Anthem Protests & BLM contd
Overt and conscious, subtle and systemic, feedback loop, effects
No loans, not race but wealth but tied to inequality=systemic
Systemic, cultural important, can’t compensate past inequality
Slide 104 What can be done?
whitewhashed
Slide 105 What can be done? Contd
Think not a problem
Slide 106 What can be done? Contd
Need interest convergence
Slide 107 What can be done? Contd
Tyranny of majority, wolves can eat sheep and fair cus majority
Slide 108 What can be done? Contd
Need intersectionality
Slide 109 What can be done? Contd
verstehen
Slide 110 What can be done? contd
Teach how to avoid police confrontation
Gender & Inequality
Part 5: Gender Wage Gap
Slide 11 Gender Pay Gap
Kids helpful in sociology
Sociology send messages,
pickup, can filter out when older, take at face value when young
Kids no filter
Slide 12 Gender Pay Gap contd
Kids brutally honest
3rd graders worst things people can do, murder, obesity, smoking
Pick up on fatphobia early
Slide 13 Gender Pay Gap contd
Women portrayed, scattered, not career-focused, dexter, smart brother dumb sister
Common in kids shows, kids focus on it
Slide 14 Gender Pay Gap 1. Difference in occupational choices
72 cents on the dollar, know what’s going on not how to fix
Prefer different jobs, male jobs pay more, compsci, engineering, health pay less
Men want money to provide and be desired, women like, buy stuff
Wome want fulfilment, meaningful, work life balance
Average answer
Can’t force individual freedom
Structural sexism, male dominant sexist, emasculated in female jobs but nice
What we choose and what we value, what’s taught not innate
Slide 15 Gender Pay Gap 2. Societal Expectations around childbirth
Maternity leave, leave with kids, stay home when young
Society expects
Slide 16 Gender Pay Gap contd
Pay gap biggest in 30s, good in unit, equal in 20s, more in 30s cus kids
Work is greedy institution, no days off, leave, wanna stay, overtime, more
Slide 17 Gender Pay Gap 2. Societal Expectations around childbirth
80% pay during maternity leave, lose income during maternity leave but expensive kid
Men work more to makeup money,
fatherhood premium, fathers seem more responsible, dependable, better
Promotions raises
Slide 18 Gender Pay Gap 2. Societal Expectations around childbirth contd
Structures influence societies and life, culture
Mandatory paternity leave affect life, switch roles ish
Denmark, men take care of kids, women chilling cus paternity leave
Bond more with kid, father used to primary care giver, take free leave
Slide 19 Gender Pay Gap 3. Discrimination
Resume studies, fake, change name
Women offered less jobs, pay less, some sexism
Slide 20 Gender Pay Gap 3. Discrimination contd
And statistical discrimination
Overpolice, catch more crime, keep overpolicing, minorities even use drugs less
Men less likely to leave during kids, work harder cus need to provide and support
Women leave, maternity leave, need to pay while they’re gone and hire replacement
Slide 21 Gender Pay Gap 3. Discrimination contd
Logical reason to discriminate
Mother not ideal, work part time, fathers work full time
Slide 22 Gender Pay Gap 3. Discrimination contd
Women worse, less promotions, time off, less hours
Men more reliable, less leave
Slide 23 Gender Pay Gap 3. Discrimination contd
Statistical discrimination not morally good but still used
Businesses-competition as coercive force, only profit to survive
Opiates and smoking safe then epidemic, made more than sued for
Structural secism, paid time off, can discriminate cus more likely to take leave
Fix with paternity leave, balance out, less gap, both take leave, equal, not a factor
Slide 24 Moving Forward
Everyone keep standards, up to everyone to challenge, prioritise if want change
Lecture 11
Part 1: Social Control
Slide 26 Social Control
Big part of life than notice, wear, dress, act, behave, don’t act out
Jeremy bentham panopticon, don’t know if being watched, regulate themselves
Religion social control before, god sees anytime, punished
Deviant now, judged, santa knows if bad or good, teach to behave
Slide 27 1) Informal Social Control
Formal or informal
Complain test too hard-social control, wanna be liked
Judge hairstyle or clothes-not good
Joke about you-don’t do it
Friend drops you, violate trust
Informal, not ingrained
Slide 28 1) Informal Social Control contd
Facial expressions not controlled
Slide 29 2) Formal Social Control
Criminal justice system-formal control-primary form
Plagiarism, cops, jail for murder, fired
Part 2: The Criminal Justice System
Slide 31 Criminal Justice System
1. law enforcement officials, rcmp, campus police
2. criminal court, prove guilty, formal process
3. Prison, punished
Slide 32 4 Crime Facts 1) Every place has formal rules (laws) and people who break those rules, but there is great variation between countries.
3 parts of criminal justice system in every society-fundamental parts
Rules, enforce, punish
Different rules in places
Singapor no gum, canada no voyerism, singapore don’t show naked, drinking ages or banned, hijab or not, poster in north korea, otto warmbier
Slide 33 4 Crime Facts 2) Most countries have the same components in their criminal justice system (law enforcement, courts, and prisons)
Uk, police no guns, less shot, buckingham palace has rifles, scary
Differnet way of using system, incarceration rates, us high, canada 12th
After civil war, incarceration back to slavery cus commited crime
Expensive to keep people in jail
Slide 34 Prison Types & Purpose
Norway campus, different goals
Rehabilitate so stop, us want punishment but recidivism, come back
Scandinavia, retrain, keep out, job training and help
Slide 35 4 Crime Facts 3) Adult males are disproportionately crime suspects and perpetrators in all countries
Most serial killers male, want male protection, bigger, stronger, testosterone, biology
Slide 36 4 Crime Facts 4) In all countries, theft is the most common type of crime and violent crime is relatively rare
Super small chance of murder, most murderers know you, random is rare
Women-partner, men-friends and associates
Less murder in canada
Think odds hire, news coverage, shocking and rare, big population, more killed
Slide 37 Crime Facts 4) In all countries, theft is the most common type of crime and violent crime is relatively rare
Like murder, women, media give what they want
Profiling not real job, serial killers too rare, stats not helpful
Bad childhoods but not all are serial killers
Slide 38 Role of Media in thinking Murder is Common 4) In all countries, theft is the most common type of crime and violent crime is relatively rare
More srial killers from 60s-2000s, now better forensics, police talk to each other
Don’t know people are killed, different jurisdictions
Now dna and fingerprints
Slide 39 4 Crime Facts
Laws everywhere, same, male more, theft common, murder rare
Part 3: Why People Commit Crime
Slide 41 Why do People Commit Crimes
Durkheim: crime to reafirm society values, don’t commit cus don’t care
Murder unique, need to understand cus not follow society, identify
Metoo, reaffirm what’s ok, suing pharmacies, tell business not ok
Slide 42 Structural Functionalism’s Explanation for Crime
30s, goal and ability to achieve misaligned
Slide 43 Merton’s Strain Theory
Accept or reject cultural goals, accept or reject how to achieve
Slide 44 Merton’s Strain Theory What are the culturally defined goals in our society?
Sell unique eye for lots of money, give if can cure blindness
Misaligned values, do it to be nice but not for money, usually want money, misaligned
Money is goal, be comfortable
Uni for good job, won’t go if don’t need
Slide 45 Merton’s Strain Theory What are the legitimate means in our society?
Security by working, college then job
Some jobs don’t need, model, athlete, actor, but hard to get, limited
Break laws not legitimate means to get money
Gray area: only fans, kinda illegal
Slide 46 Merton’s Strain Theory
Slide 47 Merton’s Strain Theory i. CONFORMITY
Accept goals and hot to obtain, most people
Slide 48 Merton’s Strain Theory
Slide 49 Merton’s Strain Theory ii. INNOVATION
Accept goals but not how to get, crimes
Poor, hard to recover if disadvantaged, can’t read, fake but no uni, no options
Alberta no school for oil, less crime cus money easily, not jail
Economic opportunity determine crime
Slide 50 Merton’s Strain Theory
Slide 51 Merton’s Strain Theory iii. Ritualism
Accept hot to get goal but not the goal
Don’t need money, philanthropist
Slide 52 Merton’s Strain Theory
Slide 53 Merton’s Strain Theory iv. Retreatism
Reject goals and hot to get, different forms per generation
hippies in 70s, did nothing, chill, no worry about jobs and stuff
Don’t participate in society
Modern, backpack around world, minimum wage and chill, fulfilled and happy
Now neet, no employment education or training, rot at home, rely on parents
Slide 54 Merton’s Strain Theory
Rebellion, reject goal and how, make new, not retreat
Slide 55 Merton’s Strain Theory v. Rebellion
Not great, manson family 60s, murder rich people and celebrities
Try to frame on black people, start race war, stop hippy movement cus don’t trust
Now incels, neet people get into personal problems, women bad
Different from retreat, try to change it, different means and goals for what you want
Can be good
Slide 58 Testing your memory: 5 adaptations (Conformist, Innovator, Retreatist, Ritualist, Rebellion)
Grace, poor, bad life, wants do be doctor, never in poverty
Fake adhd, get adderall, sell pills, sells drugs, innovator, want goal, not means
Info useless, want money or follow rules
Slide 59 Testing your memory: 5 adaptations (Conformist, Innovator, Retreatist, Ritualist, Rebellion) contd
Avery, rich, artsy, retreatism, no money or rules
Slide 60 Testing your memory: 5 adaptations (Conformist, Innovator, Retreatist, Ritualist, Rebellion) contd
Ted, chill, money, worked hard, lawyer, conformist, money and work
What class, most people think working class,
50-70k middle, working, 150k for elite, skewed perception, compare to rich
Underestimate what they have
Slide 61 Testing your memory: 5 adaptations (Conformist, Innovator, Retreatist, Ritualist, Rebellion) contd
Jerell, poor, need education, turn down jobs, nice, ritualist, work no money
Slide 62 Testing your memory: 5 adaptations (Conformist, Innovator, Retreatist, Ritualist, Rebellion) contd
Hank, white supremacist, coockoo, rebellion, new means and goal
Part 4: Conflict Theory’s View of Crime
Slide 64 Crime from Conflict Perspective 1) To start, conflict theory looks at how inequality causes crime in society.
Inequality, inevitablilty of crime
Merton says choice, conflict says no
Code of the street, elijah anderson
Immerse in environment, why crime common
Slide 65 Crime from Conflict Perspective 1) To start, conflict theory looks at how inequality causes crime in society. Contd
Has code, rules that govern behaviour, held by violence, in poor places
Need repsect, tough, retaliate when violate respect
Stigma and marginalization, felt looked down on, society don’t care, not around
Chicago bad vs university
Institutionali divestment, bad opportunities, no education, can’t leave, relative
deprivation, compare, feel deprived of stuff, society abandoned, doesn’t care,
Oppositional culture, marginalization, exclusion, norms and values rejected for autonomy and toughpness
Slide 66 Crime from Conflict Perspective 1) To start, conflict theory looks at how inequality causes crime in society. Contd
Police as outsiders, not against rules but not nice, less rely cus not good, can’t help
Musk tookover, can’t do anything if robbed, rape, he said she said,
Police not solution, need differnet solucion to problem
Violence as means of social regulation, keep order, might is right
Related to respect/juice, need it, not messed with, afraid
Must respond if disrespected or keep happening, vulnerable
Slide 67 Crime from Conflict Perspective 1) To start, conflict theory looks at how inequality causes crime in society. Contd
Hypermasculinity-protect, dominance, power prioritised
Manhood
Cycles of violence, disrespect and respond, keep going
Slide 68 Crime from Conflict Perspective 1) To start, conflict theory looks at how inequality causes crime in society. Contd
Friends with ogs, researchers privilege, not forced to reveal identity, morally grey
Institutional divestment, know social services like housing but have hard rules
Have criminal record but problems, no housing
Welfare, social assistance, stop after a while, should’ve got job, feel no care
Bad at school, had to respond to disrespect, suspended
No incentive for good grades, no clocks no math, can’t keep up
Fail, pride, drop out
No address on resume, know where, no mcdonalds
Slide 69 Toronto Neighbourhoods Case Study
Stigma and marginalization
Teachers treat like they’re expected to cause trouble-address
Feel like can’t succeed, looks down even if no control
Oppositional culture, pissed off, world doesn’t care, oppose society
Need protection cus rich or robbed
Slide 70 Toronto Neighbourhoods Case Study contd
Police can’t solve problems, ciminal nature, snitches get stitches
No cooperation, witnesses but no one talks
Police respond less, don’t want help, won’t help
Quid pro quo, force to tell to get help, know what happened
Slide 71 Toronto Neighbourhoods Case Study contd
Violence social regulation
If punking/disrespect, weak, vulnerable, disrespect more
Follow society-weak, mcdonalds, won’t do anything, police can’t do anything
Maintain respect to be safe
Violence and violence, no disrespect
Slide 72 Toronto Neighbourhoods Case Study contd
Everyone in gang for minor stuff
3 or more
Criminal
Not random, not spontaneous, material benefit
Beat someone up who’s robbed, technically gang, benefit
Respond to rape-gang, multiple times
Protect families, eldest brother more likely, no father, responsible
Get other tough people together-gang, force status
Rob drug dealer
Slide 73 Toronto Neighbourhoods Case Study contd
gang=respect, don’t mess with group, more violent more protected
Good for family, protect sisters
Hustles, not hired cus can be robbed,
Altruism, selfless,
Get young boys, organic, most poor, help kids, not to recruit but can hold gun
Police of neighbourhood
Get rid of abusive boyfriend
Provide for family, financial, even in jail, gang still there, community service too
Slide 74 Toronto Neighbourhoods Case Study contd
Cycle of violence from code of street
Guy shot, hospital
Downtown, wild west, neutral
Gang is handsy, girl with other gang, send message, beat up, threaten
Other gang retaliate, no disrespect, keep going, more people, more intense, drive by
Shot guy now
Many died, back and forth, og’s got together and stopped
Seems stupid, but gangs think its fine, both got respect, no handsy
Message to others
Slide 75 Crime from Conflict Perspective 2) Conflict theory also looks at the penalties for crime and how law enforcement pursues cases.
White collar worse, inside trading-social capital, 2008
Hard to catch, informal, people just talk, good lawyers,
hard to prosecute except conviction-class inequality
Slide 76 Class Discussion- You be the Judge: case 1
If jail, justice, crime fits punishment and help society, do what’s best
Drug dealer, mom sick, bad public defender
Tried to run when running, assault police, was shot, dressed sus, looks sus
Do what i gotta do, judge gotta do what they gotta do
2 year, criminal record, hurt future-choose this, likely to commit again
Probabtion, maybe to another jail, community service
Slide 77 Class Discussion- You be the Judge: case 2
Drug dealer, middle class, sad rich kid, wanna fit in, parents back him up
2 year, criminal record, hurt future-choose this, likely to commit again
Probabtion, maybe to another jail, community service -choose this, less likely
Conflict: only circumstance is different, shouldn’t punish bad family
Slide 78 Crime from Conflict Perspective 3) Conflict theory also looks at inequality in the courts and punishments.
Shot kid is drug dealer, do what he gotta do, got probabtion but no community service
Jail but office in other gang territory, big fine
Ideal of justice, know why different sentences but class-based bias
Ideal vs value rationality