Persuasive Speaking

Transition from Informative Speaking to Persuasive Speaking
- Successful demonstration of informative speaking with all students passing.
- Emphasis on importance of persuasive speech as a requirement by the state of California.
- Identified as one of the main types of speeches in the course.
- Mention of outside research requirement for persuasive speeches.

Encouragement to reflect on personal irritants or issues.
- Example of what angers individuals (e.g., people texting while driving).
- Highlighting a friend winning expensive tickets, connecting it to a broader theme of annoyance in society.

Reference to Aristotle and the art of persuasion.
- Historical context: Aristotle as a foundational figure in understanding communication.
- Persuasion applies in various contexts: intrapersonal, small group, public speaking, mass communication.
- Persuasion focused on four key areas: beliefs, attitudes, policies, and behaviors.
Statement on persuasion as the greatest skill one can possess.
Connecting current events (e.g., high-speed chases, societal behaviors) to persuasive influences.

Belief:
- Personal beliefs can be questioned in speeches.
- Example: Asking audience about their belief systems and the significance of respecting their answers.
Attitude:
- Discussion on how attitudes shape one's perceptions and interactions.
- Concern about societal attitudes towards unhoused individuals or veterans.
Policies or Laws:
- Critique of institutional policies (e.g., faculty overload policies in colleges).
- Example discussed: tuition increases and associated public frustration with education costs.
Behaviors:
- Describing behaviors as actions or habits that can be changed.
- Examples of behaviors to address (e.g., class punctuality, dietary choices).
- Emphasis on encouraging changes in behavior through speeches.

Aristotle's Appeals:
- Logos (Logical Appeal):
  - Use of logic, research, and evidence to persuade.
  - Importance of citing sources verbally in speeches.
  - Example discussed: data related to a high-speed chase highlights the importance of safe driving.
- Ethos (Ethical Appeal):
  - Building trust based on audience's morals and values.
  - Illustrative example of respecting authority and tradition.
- Pathos (Emotional Appeal):
  - Invoking emotions to persuade.
  - Example: Tender ads with abused animals evoke compassion.
- Mythos:
  - Using storytelling or myths to persuade, although this is less formal than the other three appeals.

Methods of Organization:
- Three Reasons Method:
- Each main point consists of strong rationale for a proposed change.
- Problem-Cause-Solution:
- Finding the core problem and stating why it is pertinent, followed by its causes and solutions.
- Monroe's Motivated Sequence:
- Need for change, satisfaction of that need with a solution, visualization of positive outcomes.
- Used to structure persuasive content and help audience visualize the impact of a solution.

Types of Fallacies to Avoid:
- Bandwagon Fallacy: Following the crowd without personal conviction.
- Hasty Generalization: Making broad assumptions based on insufficient evidence.
- Fallacy of Tradition: Assuming something must continue just because it has been done that way in the past.
- False Dichotomy: Presenting limited choices when more options exist.

Importance of selecting a strong topic that reflects personal investment and concerns.
Requirement to use methods of persuasion effectively throughout the speech.
Clarity on not delivering self-benefiting speeches, ensuring the focus is on broader societal change.
Minimum of six credible outside sources for persuasive speeches necessary for convincing argumentation.
- Distinction made between personal anecdotes and scholarly research, emphasizing the need for credibility.

Final encouragement to prepare for the persuasive speech with clarity on its critical role in communication and persuasion.
Acknowledgment of difficulties associated with online teaching and assessment, alongside optimism for student success in future presentations.