student slides unit 6 psyc1075 lecture
Unit Overview
Topic: Physical development - growth and maturation (Part 2)
Course: PSYC1075
Learning Outcomes
Broad Stages of Physical Development
Understanding the general progression through stages of physical development in children.
Gross vs. Fine Motor Skills
Recognizing differences between gross (large muscle groups) and fine (small muscle group) motor skills.
Awareness of how these skills develop as children grow.
Application in Primary Education
Importance for primary educators to grasp physical maturation for planning appropriate experiences.
Understanding necessary opportunities for skill development at proper maturity levels.
Importance in Primary Education
Essential for primary educators to have a comprehensive understanding of physical maturation to facilitate skill development.
Planning experiences tailored to children's physical capabilities and developmental stages is crucial for effective education.
Motor Learning
Definition: Involves the process of learning through movement.
Characterized by a relatively permanent change in motor behavior due to practice or past experiences.
Motor Development
Considered a continuous change in motor behavior throughout the life cycle.
Process: Influenced by biological, environmental, and task demands.
Product: Focused on age-related changes in motor performance and behavior.
Physiological Development Milestones
Questions for Reflection:
When did you start walking?
When did you use cutlery independently?
When did you first jump?
Considerations for order and rationale in physiological development.
Physical Milestones (5-Year-Olds)
Basic competencies include:
Balance and standing on one foot (10 seconds)
Hopping, dancing, sliding, climbing, and dressing independently.
Skills:
Hand-eye coordination
Hand strength
In-hand manipulation
Grasp and release
Pincer grip development
Bilateral coordination
Finger isolation for precise tasks.
Importance of physical development in executing these skills.
Phases of Motor Development
By Age:
1-2 years: Rudimentary movements
2-3 years: Initial stage
4-5 years: Fundamental movement phase
6-7 years: Mature stage
7-10 years: Application stage
11-13 years: Specialized skills
14 years and up: Lifelong utilization stage.
Movement Skills
Definition: Similar to motor skills but focused on observable actions.
Categories:
Gross Motor Skills: Using large muscle groups (running, jumping).
Fine Motor Skills: Precise movements with small muscles (writing, typing).
Stability Skills, Locomotion Skills, and Manipulation Skills defined by motions such as bending, walking, or throwing.
Classifying Movement
Muscular Aspects: Size and extent of movement.
Temporal Aspects: Timing of movements.
Environmental Aspects: Contextual factors affecting movement.
Functional Aspects: Purpose behind movements.
Influences on Physical Development
Key Factors:
Heredity
Nutrition
Lifestyle and experiences.
Nutrition and Its Impacts
Nutrition as crucial fuel for brain and bodily development.
Deficiencies (e.g., iron, calcium) affect physical growth.
Social aspects of nutrition and the implications of obesity.
Environmental Factors Affecting Development
Considerations include:
Access to nutritious food
Exercise habits
Healthcare availability
Housing conditions
Stress levels
Environmental chemicals.
Observational Learning in Play
Focused on identifying skills used in children's play.
Importance of supporting skill development in educational environments.
Exercise and Brain Development
Reference TED Talk by Wendy Suzuki on the brain-changing benefits of exercise.
Understanding Obesity
Investigates causes of childhood obesity, including parental influence and environmental factors.
Importance of acknowledging how parental beliefs affect children's eating behaviors.
Additional References
Manage risk in play provision.
Learning outside the classroom and its effects on health and education.
Review of therapy and play in childhood development.