Social stratification

Social stratification is the hierarchical division of society based on factors such as class, wealth, power, status, ethnicity and gender. Creates inequalities in opportunities, resources and life chances

Features of stratification-

  1. Inequality- Some groups have more access to wealth, power and status compared to others

  2. Hierarchy- Society is arranged in a ranked order (Upper, middle, working class)

  3. Different life chances- Education, healthcare and employment opportunities vary by social position

  4. Social mobility- Movement between social classes can be possible (upward or downward)

  5. Universality- Found in all societies but varies in form (class system in India vs class system in the UK)

Types of stratification

Open system- Allows social mobility (Class system in the UK)

Closed system- No ,mobility, status is fixed from birth

Concepts

Life chances (Weber)- Opportunities available based on social class (education, healthcare)

Social inequality- Unequal distribution of resources and opportunities

Meritocracy- Believe success is based on talent and effort rather than social background

Examples of social stratification in the UK

Class divisions- Upper class, middle class, working class

Education gap- Private vs state schools

Wealth and income inequality’s- Top 1% control significant wealth

Health disparities- Life expectancy varies by social class