A measles outbreak
A viral infection
◦ Initial symptoms: fever,
malaise, lack of appetite
◦ Rash appears about 14
days after infection.
Spread through air
◦ Droplets can remain in
air for up to 2 hours
The incubation period
is 10-12 days. What
does this mean?
Jackie (a 1st grader) and her family recently
returned from a family vacation to the
Philippines.
A few days after her return to school, she got
a fever, coughing, and a runny nose.
A few days after that, she developed a rash.
You are in her class and have been exposed.
There are two 1st grades and they interact
continuously throughout the day. There are
40 students total between the two 1st grades.
How protective the vaccine was for people in
your class?
Vaccine effectiveness is a proportion, more
specifically, the proportionate reduction in
the number of cases for those who were
vaccinated.
Vaccine effectiveness =
Excess risk
Risk among unvaccinated group
Excess risk = Risk among unvaccinated – Risk
among those vaccinated
How protective the vaccine was for people in
your class?
½ of the children were vaccinated; ½ were not
Of those vaccinated, one became ill; of those
not vaccinated, 18 became ill
Calculate the incidence rate of measles for
those who were vaccinated.
Calculate the incidence rate of measles for
those who were not vaccinated.
Vaccine
status
Total Ill Well Incidence
rate %
Vaccinated 20
Not
vaccinated
20
For this example....
(incidence rate in NV – incidence rate in V)
Incidence rate in NV