Feminists theory

Feminism is a conflict theory that focuses on gender inequalities in society. Argue that stratification benefits men while oppressing women which limits their opportunities in work, education and politics

Key feminist perspectives

Liberal feminism- Gender equality through laws

Women’s inequality is caused by discrimination and outdated laws

Change the laws to give equal rights (Equal pay act, sex discrimination act)

Examples-

More women in higher education and employment

Criticisms- Overlooks deep-rooted cultural and structural inequalities

Radical feminism- Patriarchy is the root of oppression

Men systematically oppress women in all areas of life

Overthrow patriarchy and create female centred societies

Examples

Violence against women (Domestic abuse, sexual harassment)

Criticisms- Too extreme- Ignores the progress made towards gender equality

Marxists feminism- Capitalism exploits women

Women’s oppression is linked to capitalism and class inequality

Overthrow capitalism to achieve true gender equality

Examples

Unpaid domestic labour- Women do more housework while men dominate the economy

Triple shift (Duncombe and Marsden)- Women work, do housework and provide emotional support

Criticism- Focuses too much on class and not enough on gender issues outside of work

Examples of gender stratification

Gender pay gap- Women on average still earn less then men

Glass ceiling- Women still struggle to reach top positions in business and politics

Sexual harassment- High rates of workplace harassment limit women’s success

Gender roles- Women are still expected to do more housework and childcare

Strengths of feminism-

Highlights gender inequality in all aspects of society

Led to legal changes improving women’s rights (Equal pay act)

Shows how gender interacts with class, race and other factors

Criticisms of feminism-

Overemphasises patriarchy- Ignores other causes of inequality (Class and capitalism)

Some argue women have equal opportunity (education, careers)

Not all women are oppressed- Fails to identify middle class and wealthy women’s privileges