Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Nucleic Acids

• Function: Holds the genetic code; stores and transmits genetic information in cells in the form of a code.
• Examples: DNA, RNA
• Monomers: Nucleotides
  • Examples: guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine, uracil
  • Formed by four kinds of nucleotides strung together.
  • Nucleotides are small organic compounds comprised of:
    • A five-carbon sugar.
    • A nitrogen-containing base.
    • Phosphate groups.
  • Nucleotides are structural units of adenosine phosphates, nucleotide coenzymes, and nucleic acids.
• Polymers: Nucleic Acids (e.g., DNA & RNA)

Proteins

• Function: Regulate cell processes, form cellular structures, and transport molecules.
  • Important in muscle contraction, transporting oxygen in the blood, and the immune system.
  • Like lipids, proteins are important components of cell membranes.
• Examples: Collagen, enzymes, hemoglobin, insulin, and antibodies.
• Monomers: Amino acids
  • Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
  • Examples: glycine, valine, leucine
• Polymers: Proteins
  • Examples: Collagen, enzymes, hemoglobin, and antibodies