Cartilage Intro

Types—-

  1. Hyaline cartilage

— more gel-like material

— most common type

  1. Fibrocartilage

— greater collagen content

— built to cushion areas of high compressive forces

  • discs in back

  • meniscus

  • shoulder and hip

Dislocations

  • when bones of a joint are out of alignment

— synovial joints

- filled with synovial fluid

- surrounded around fibrous articular capsule

- lined with synovial membrane

Disc Herniation

— protrusion of nucleus pulpous through the annulus fibrosis (i.e. when all or part of soft, jelly-like center of spinal disk pushes through a weakened part of the disk's outer ring)

caused by :

  • twisting an bending while lifting (one vertebrae slides over the other)

  • 90% of herniations occur in the lumbar area (L4 and L5)

Concussion

— traumatic brain injury (TBI) that affects brain function

causes:

  • impacts

  • forceful twisting

Advanced Treatments: ACL Reconstruction

  • Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

— surgical procedure that uses a graft replacement for a torn ACL in the knee

— uses tissue graft from another part of the body

— uses arthroscopic surgery techniques