Study Guide for AP English Language and Composition Synthesis Essay

The synthesis essay tests students' ability to read, analyze, and synthesize information from multiple sources.
It requires taking a stance on a specific issue using evidence drawn from provided sources.
Students have 55 minutes total: 15 minutes for reading sources, 40-45 minutes for writing.

Originality:
- Ensure that ideas are original and not merely restated or paraphrased from the sources.
- Use personal background knowledge (pop culture, history, etc.) to support arguments.
Use of Sources:
- Aim to use as many sources as possible. At least three sources are required.
Avoid Personal Pronouns:
- Refrain from using "I believe" or personal pronouns in the essay; maintain an academic tone.
Transition Words:
- Avoid overly explicit transition phrases (e.g., "first," "next," "lastly") to maintain a sophisticated writing style.

The prompt queries whether libraries can remain relevant in the modern world.
Candidates are to establish their stance on the future role of public libraries.

Reading Strategy:
- Quickly skim each source while noting positions on each page.
Marker System:
- Use a plus sign (+) for sources that support libraries’ relevance and a minus sign (-) for those against.

Source A:
- Emphasizes libraries as essential for an informed public and democracy.
- Suggests historical significance since the era of Ben Franklin.
- Highlights civic engagement and increased voter turnout facilitated by libraries.
- Marker: +
Source B: (Calendar of Events)
- An overview of various events, showing libraries as interactive spaces beyond just book lending (e.g., Excel tutorials, Pilates).
- Marker: +
Source C:
- Discusses the necessity of libraries for equal access to information, even in the era of e-books.
- Highlights innovations like "digital bookmobiles" and "you media" programs empowering creativity.
- Marker: +
Source D:
- 81% of Americans prefer print books for children, indicating continued library relevance.
- Acknowledges the use of e-books for convenience.
- Marker must reflect both sides: + and -.
Source E:
- Critiques libraries, stating they are outdated and serve little practical function in the modern age.
- Marker: -
Source F:
- Notes severe budget cuts, casting doubt on the future viability of libraries.
- Marker: -

Thesis Statement Example:
"In the future, libraries can promote civic engagement, offer interactive educational resources, and enhance the public's technological skills."
This thesis outlines three main arguments representing the stance taken in the essay.

Introduction:
- Keep it brief (2-3 sentences).
- Clearly state your argument and provide your thesis.
Body Paragraphs:
- Each paragraph begins with a topic sentence reflecting the thesis.
- Present specific claims supported by evidence from sources, noting sources parenthetically (e.g., "(Source A)").
- Incorporate counterarguments to display a comprehensive understanding of the topic.
Conclusion:
- Short (2-4 sentences); reiterate the thesis and introduce a new insight or idea not previously mentioned.

Body Paragraph 1 (Civic Participation):
- Integrate ideas from Source A about facilitating equal access to information.
- Mention the role of libraries in voter turnout (American Library Association).
- Conclude with a counterargument from Source F regarding budget cuts to libraries as an opportunity to highlight their necessity.
Body Paragraph 2 (Educational Resources):
- Utilize the calendar from Source B to highlight diverse offerings from libraries.
- Discuss the advantages of personal interactions with librarians.
- Reference personal experiences for added depth in illustrating library resources.
Body Paragraph 3 (Technological Access):
- Discuss programs like "you media" from Source C that provide technology education.
- Address Source E's critique but counter it with innovative programs aiding various demographics, such as seniors.

Reiterate thesis emphasizing libraries' potential to adapt and remain relevant.
Include a forward-looking statement about libraries evolving in the digital age.