Art History
Landscape: the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or human-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal
Landscape architecture: the design of outdoor areas, landmarks, and structures to achieve environmental, social-behavioral, or aesthetic outcomes
Marine Art: marine art or maritime art is a form of figurative art (that is, painting, drawing, printmaking and sculpture) that portrays or draws its main inspiration from the sea
Parterre: part of a formal garden constructed on a level substrate, consisting of symmetrical patterns, made up by plant beds, plats, low hedges or coloured gravels, which are separated and connected by paths
Pastoral: herding livestock around open areas of land according to the seasons and the changing availability of water and pasture (idealized form of the shepherd's lifestyle)
Pictorialism: an approach to photography that emphasizes beauty of subject matter, tonality, and composition rather than the documentation of reality.
Picturesque: visually attractive, especially in a quaint or pretty style.
Romanticism: prioritized the artist's unique, individual imagination above the strictures of classical form. The movement emphasized intense emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience.
Subjectivity: the word we use to explain how individual people can respond to a work of art in different ways
Sublime: art that refers to a greatness beyond all possibility of calculation, measurement or imitation
Shakespearean Conversation Piece: an informal group portrait popular in the eighteenth century, small in scale and showing people – often families, sometimes groups of friends – in domestic interior or garden settings; typically refers to a painting or artwork that depicts a scene or characters from the works of William Shakespeare
Supine: the first and most common simply means "Lying on ones back", however the second meaning of the word is mentally or Morally lethargic. This word does more than state that the woman is lying on her back
Terribilità: is a quality ascribed to his art that provokes terror, awe, or a sense of the sublime in the viewer.
Van Dyck Dress: Van Dyck was intensely interested in clothes. His English portraits of women often show a preference for informal dress: loose shifts, flowing drapery, open necks, bare bosoms and uncovered lower arms (so much quicker to paint than intricate lace collars and cuffs, and also more titillating - the bare arm; He loved exotic costumes, such as the "Persian" dress in which he painted Sir Robert and Lady Shirley, or the Indian pyjamas worn by the oriental traveller William Feilding, Earl of Denbigh. Many of his subjects wear fantasy costume, derived from the court masques of the 1630s.
Virtus: a specific virtue in ancient Rome that carried connotations of valor, masculinity, excellence, courage, character, and worth; a love for and knowledge of the fine arts; a love of or taste for curios or objets d'art
Aquatint: A printmaking technique that produces tonal effects by using acid to eat into the printing plate creating sunken areas which hold the ink
Arcadia: Ideal or classical landscape
Bardolatry: excessive admiration of William Shakespeare
Breeches Role: any male character that is sung and acted by a female singer; A female singer plays a male character, purposely scored for an alto or mezzo voice
Chelengk: a military decoration of the Ottoman Empire; a turban ornament consisting of a central flower made up of sixteen petals with leaves and buds
Claude Glass: a small mirror, slightly convex in shape, with its surface tinted a dark colour; bound up like a pocket-book or in a carrying case, Claude glasses were used by artists, travelers and connoisseurs of landscape and landscape painting
En Plein Air: meaning “in the open air”, and refers to the act of painting outdoors with the artist's subject in full view. Plein air artists capture the spirit and essence of a landscape or subject by incorporating natural light, color and movement into their works.
Exedra: in architecture, semicircular or rectangular niche with a raised seat; more loosely applied, the term also refers to the apse (q.v.) of a church or to a niche therein; a room (as in a temple or house) in ancient Greece and Rome used for conversation and formed by an open or columned recess often semicircular in shape and furnished with seats
Folly: a costly ornamental building with no practical purpose, especially a tower or mock-Gothic ruin built in a large garden or park
Grand Manner: an idealized aesthetic style derived from classicism and the art of the High Renaissance. In the eighteenth century, British artists and connoisseurs used the term to describe paintings that incorporated visual metaphors in order to suggest noble qualities.
High Finish: finished with great care; polished
History Painting: a genre in painting defined by its subject matter rather than any artistic style or specific period; depict narrative scenes from classical mythology, the Bible, and ancient or modern history
Ideal Landscape: an art form that seeks to present a view of nature more beautiful and harmonious than nature itself
Incubus: demon in male form that seeks to have sexual intercourse with sleeping women; the corresponding spirit in female form is called a succubus.
Jali-work: a latticed screen made of wood or stone that usually has an ornamental pattern based on geometric designs