Chapter 10: The Later Middle Ages, 1300-1500

• Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453)   * Happened because of conflicts between England and France over Gascony and the cloth industry of Flanders and because of disputes over the French royal line of succession
• Philip VI became king of France (first of the Valois line to be king)
• Henry VI became King of France after Philip VI
• French defeated English in final battle of Hundred Years’ War   * England’s continental land was limited to Calais in France
• Black Death (1347-1450)   * Around half of Europe’s population died due to the Black Death   * Carried by the fleas of infected rats   * Arrived on merchant ship in 1347   * The cause, transmission, and cure wasn’t known until the late 1800s   * Preachers saw it as divine punishment for sins while others blamed Jews   * Eliminated labor surplus   * Upper classes were hurt by the economy after the plague
• English peasants revolted against the government as it had tried to collect a new poll tax in 1381   * Peasants marched to London demanding elimination of labor services, serfdom, and poll taxes
• The power of Papacy declined in the late Middle Ages
• Great Schism (1378-1417)   * Period in which 3 popes fought at once over the rule of Church   * Schism was resolved by the Council of Constance (1414-1418)

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