Industrialization Spreads To the United States

  • Britain wanted to keep its industrial secrets to itself

    • Did not allow anyone with industrial know-how to leave the country

  • Samuel Slater, a British mill worker, disguised himself as a farmer and went to the U.S.

    • Taught others the latest British industrial innovations

Lowell, Massachusetts

  • Francis Cabot Lowell revolutionized the American textile industry

    • Mechanized every stage of cloth production

  • Mill girls were women who left their rural homes to work in factory towns

US industry expansion = Railroad

  • Railroads expanded to transport resources and manufactured goods

    • Led to the growth of cities like Chicago

  • Technological boom in coal, oil, iron, telephone, and electric light bulb

Corporations

  • Building large businesses like railroads required a lot of money

  • Entrepreneurs sell shares of stock to raise money

    • Shareholders become part owners of the business (corporation)

  • First U.S. corporations: Carnegie Steel Company, Standard Oil

    • Sought to control every aspect of their industry for big profits

The Assembly Line

  • Mass production of identical items with interchangeable parts

  • Division of labor, interchangeable parts, assembly lines

Ford Motor Company

  • Henry Ford saw potential in the assembly line

  • Conveyor belt carried automobile frames, workers added parts

Industrialization expanded into Continental Europe

  • Belgium and Germany adopted Britain's technology

  • Germany imported British equipment and sent children to England to learn

  • Germany became an economic and military powerhouse

Worldwide impact of Industrialization

  • Industrialized countries needed raw materials and markets

  • Extracted resources and opened markets in Africa and Asia

  • Western Europe and the U.S. developed economic power and technological achievement

  • Asian and African countries remained agrarian societies with fewer manufactured items

Transformation within industrial societies

  • Increased life expectancy and better health

  • Population increased

  • Rising middle class and higher standard of living

  • More opportunities for education

  • Industrialized societies tended to remain more