Physiological Psychology Module 8 Notes

Module 8.1 Rhythms of Waking and Sleeping

Introduction

Endogenous Rhythms

Setting and Resetting the Biological Clock

Jet Lag

Night Work

Mechanisms of the Biological Clock

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

How Light Resets the SCN

The Biochemistry of the Circadian Rhythm

Melatonin

Module 8.2 Stages of Sleep and Brain Mechanisms

Sleep and Other Interruptions of Consciousness

Stages of Sleep

Paradoxical or REM Sleep

NREM and REM Cycles

Brain Mechanisms of Wakefulness and Arousal- The Reticular Formation

Brain Mechanisms of Wakefulness and Arousal- The Pontomesencephalon

Brain Mechanisms of Wakefulness and Arousal- The Locus Coeruleus

Brain Mechanisms of Wakefulness and Arousal- The Hypothalamus

Brain Mechanisms of Wakefulness and Arousal- Orexin

Brain Activity in REM Sleep

Sleep and Inhibition of Brain Activity

Sleep as a Local Phenomenon

Sleep Disorders

Sleep Apnea

Narcolepsy

Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

REM Behavior Disorder

Night Terrors and Sleepwalking

Module 8.3 Why Sleep? Why REM? Why Dreams?

Introduction

Functions of Sleep

Sleep and Energy Conservation

Analogous to Sleep: Hibernation

Species Differences in Sleep

Sleep and Memory

Function of REM Sleep

Biological Perspectives on Dreaming

The Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis

The Neurocognitive Hypothesis

The Neurocognitive Hypothesis- Conditions

The Neurocognitive Hypothesis- Summary