Racism in Sport II

Page 1: Course Overview

  • Course: KINE 1000

  • Date: December 2, 2024

  • Instructor: Tammy George, Ph.D.

Page 2: Reflections on Race and Racism in Sport

  • Starting Point from Last Lecture:

    • There are no spaces free from racism.

    • Importance of recognizing racial hierarchies in various spaces.

  • Key Concepts to Review:

    • Race

    • Racialization

    • Racism

    • Colourblindness

    • Myths in sport and health (e.g., "Myth of the natural Black athlete")

  • Important Considerations:

    • Think through how race and racism operate in sport and health and their implications.

Page 3: Reverse Racism Discussion

  • Questions surrounding the existence of reverse racism.

Page 4: Understanding Reverse Racism

  • Racism Defined:

    • Operates with societal power and institutional backing.

  • Key Insight:

    • Racial prejudices without institutional power do not constitute racism; thus, reverse racism as a concept lacks validity.

  • Source for Citation:

    • Sensoy and DiAngelo (2012): Historical power and authority are foundational to racism.

Page 5: Misconceptions of Reverse Racism

  • Claims of reverse racism stem from a belief in a meritocratic society.

  • The reality: Systemic exclusion of racialized groups from opportunities challenges the notion of equality.

Page 6: Concept of Nation

  • Quote by Wayne Gretzky emphasizes the cultural significance of hockey in Canada.

Page 7: Hockey's Role in Canadian Identity

  • Stephen Harper's Assertion:

    • Hockey as a national "common denominator" aiding immigrant integration into society.

  • Historical Context:

    • HNIC's first broadcast in 1931; now averaging 2 million viewers weekly.

Page 8: Don Cherry's Influence

  • Analysis of Don Cherry:

    • His participation in shaping national identity through hockey coverage and associated political symbols.

  • Controversial Figure:

    • Cherry's stances can polarize opinions within the nation.

Page 9: Don Cherry's Political Persona

  • Philip White's view on Cherry as a political influence:

    • Advocates for a specific notion of Canadianness, promoting traditional values while criticizing those who deviate.

Page 10: Cherry's Comments on Immigrants

  • Cherry's rant highlighting his views on immigrant contributions fails to acknowledge their systemic challenges.

  • Links to his remarks available for further context.

Page 11: Reactions to HNIC Punjabi

  • Szto's Perspective:

    • HNIC Punjabi represents an inclusive Canadian identity, reinforcing multicultural discourse.

  • Critical Question:

    • Where does this leave marginalized communities in Canadian sports?

Page 12: Multiculturalism and Hockey

  • Recent social media response to an anthem sung in Punjabi suggests complexities regarding visibility in traditional sports.

Page 13: Historical Context of Multiculturalism in Canada

  • Royal Commission established in the late 1960s to address French-English equal partnerships.

  • Immigrant groups sought acknowledgment of Canada's diverse identity.

Page 14: Official Multicultural Policy

  • Pierre Trudeau's 1971 multicultural policy aimed at national unity through recognition of diversity.

  • Bill C-93 (1988) formalized Canada's multicultural framework.

  • Question for Reflection:

    • What does implementing multicultural policy entail?

Page 15: Critiques of Multiculturalism

  • Critics argue insufficient attention to systemic discrimination; focuses more on individual experiences, leading to segregation of communities.

Page 16: Sunera Thobani on Multiculturalism

  • Multiculturalism seen as silencing anti-racist activism by reinforcing stereotypes that limit cultural expression to static definitions.

Page 17: Bains and Szto on Hockey's History

  • Historical ties of hockey to Indigenous communities and Black history; emphasis on contributions of these groups.

  • Key Questions:

    • How do BIPOC negotiate their identities within hockey culture?

Page 18: Navigating Identity in Sports

  • Personal narrative on the challenges faced by BIPOC athletes in traditional settings, highlighting feelings of invisibility despite achieving recognition.

Page 19: Black Girl Hockey Club in Canada

  • Mission:

    • BGHC fights against racial exclusion in hockey, offering financial aid, scholarships, and community space for Black women in the sport.

  • Importance of preserving and sharing Black hockey history.

Page 20: Key Concluding Points

  • Szto (2016) highlights multiculturalism's potential to marginalize racism discourse.

  • APNA Hockey and BGHC exemplify anti-racist activism in sporting contexts, promoting equity and challenging narratives of whiteness.

  • Reflection on the role of power in race and racism, and the ways communities resist and occupy sporting spaces in a multicultural context.