Developmental Psychology Theories

Biographical Profile: Jean Piaget was a Swiss phoycologist who developed influential theories regarding childhood development.
Theory Overview: The central focus of Piaget's work is Cognitive Development, which outlines the progression of human intelligence and mental processes through distinct stages.
The Four Stages of Cognitive Development:
- Sensorimotor Stage: This initial stage occurs from birth to $2$ years old. It involves the basic coordination of sensory experiences with motor actions.
- Preoperational Stage: Spanning from ages $2$ to $7$ years old, this stage is characterized by "Imaginary" thought processes and the development of language and symbolic thinking.
- Concrete operational Stage: Occurring between the ages of $7$ - $11$ years old, this stage is marked by the development of "abstract thinking" and more logical reasoning regarding physical objects.
- Frmal operational Stage: Beginning in adolescence and continuing into adulthood, this stage involves the capacity to make "plans For Future" and engage in high-level hypothetical reasoning.

Core Objective: Kohlberg's work centered on how individuals distinguish between "Right or wrong."
Theory Framework: The Theory of Moral Development is categorized into three primary levels:
- Preconventional: At this level, individuals primarily "Follow rules" to avoid punishment or seek rewards.
- Conventional: This level is defined by the desire to "avoid society's judgement" and a focus on maintaining social order and following norms.
- Post Conventional: The most advanced level, characterized by a "genuine concern" for universal ethical principles and individual rights.

Conscious Awareness: Sigmund Fraud explored the "awareness of the Conscious minds" and their role in human behavior.
Theoretical Model: He proposed the "Phisycosocial Phsycosexual Theory" to explain personality development through a series of childhood stages.
Psychosexual Stages of Development:
- Oral Stage: Occurs from birth to age $1$ . The primary activities and sources of interaction involve the mouth, specifically to "suck and smallem."
- Anal Stage: Occurs from ages $1$ - $3$ . This period is often characterized by "Conflict," typically associated with toilet training and self-control.
- Phallic Stage: Occurs from ages $3$ - $6$ . The primary focus of development during this period is on "pleasure."
- Latency Stage: Occurring at age $6$ , this stage is described as being focused "emotionally" as sexual urges are suppressed.
- Genital Stage: Spanning from puberty to adulthoods, this final stage involves individuals focusing on "themselves sexually" and establishing mature sexual relationships.