Natives and Settling the West
Short Answer Terms
Buffalo Soldiers
Homestead Act of 1962
Little Big Horn
Ghost Dance
-great plains
-moving west toward cali
-are not many landmarks in Midwest
-Oregon trail
-wagon trains
-side by side travel
-impact without direct contact
-split buffalo herds
-impact migration patterns
-hunting buffalo on a massive scale.
-buffalo used for luxury
-didnt use all of the buffalo
-american government wants to separate natives and settlers
-reservations
-1851-treaty to divide up the west into reservations
-$50000 a year in food and supplies
-force them to break out, food pressure,government breaks promises,generation of conflict
-1860s conflict breaks out
-civil war gives false sense of security
-BUFFALO SOLDIERS
-indian fighters
-most famous
-african American who fought in civil war or joined after end of slavery
-did many things, protect settlers, park rangers, help put up telegraph poles and fight off natives.
-most effective unit to fight natives
-while for army to learn.-natives are gorilla fighters
-adjusting tactics
-government policy is inconsistent
-peace policy
-remove all white influence other than Christianity
-Whites not allowed on the reservation
-HOMESTEAD ACT OF 1862
-increase in western settlers
-opens up much of the west for settlement
-all land set aside and declared it open to the public
-land was free only had to pay a filing fee of $18
-claim areas
-1862 was only moving by walking
-railroads
-import labor force
-irish
-irish conned
-takes forever
-chinese labor
-thought non europeans were less intelligent
-very few demands
-terrain was rough
-black powder for the rock
-nitro glycerin
-american railroads took a lot of risk
-no records of casualty rates
-gangs have own task
-10-15 miles of rails per day
-negoicate where to link up
-passed each other at one point
-linked country together
-reported by telegraph
-”done”
-easy access to claimed land
-move with mistaken belief of what its like
-1000s of former slaves
-exudusters
-close to 20 towns
-farming is difficult
-tornados
-not enough land
-ranching
-no way to get cattle to market
-shipping port made on railroad with hotel and other amedidities
-1867 first great driver
-spread to ranches across great plains
-1860s hostility to to xu tribe
-sioux reservation 1868 another treaty
-black hills is sacred land
-gold discovered in black hills
-reservation lines redrawn
-1876 army would be dispatched to remove them
-LITTLE BIG HORN river valley
-heart of resistance
-searching and find 200 natives
-wipe out custers troops
-custers last stand
-largest native victory
-many whites argue that native threat should be eliminated
-remove from culture
-native schools and remove children from reservations
-”save the man by removing native”
-graduates appreciate skills and then return to natives
-turn to religious revival
-GHOST DANCE
-line dance
-return to native ways
-start apocolyspe
-whites will be gone
-dead relatives will rise
-not a violent dance
-dance until collapse from exhaustion
-picked up between many tribes
-never seen before by whites
-whies turn to violence
-sioux left reservation due to starvation moving to another
-camp surrounded by army
-natives surrender
-gun goes off
-soldiers assume its an attack
-300 natives are killed by us army
-mass grave
-last major conflict