Antenatal Care and Nursing DSG 2024
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Title Slide
Antenatal/Prenatal Care and NursingAssoc. Prof. Dr. Dilek SARPKAYA GUDER
Obstetric and Women Health Nursing-Nursing Faculty-NEU
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Content Overview
Definition and importance of prenatal/antenatal care
Purposes of prenatal/antenatal care
Prenatal/antenatal care model (WHO)
Components of prenatal/antenatal care
Role of nurse in prenatal/antenatal careAssoc. Prof. Dr. Dilek Sarpkaya Güder
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Definition of Antenatal/Prenatal Care
Definition: Routine health checks for presumed healthy pregnant women for disease diagnosis and lifestyle advice during pregnancy and delivery.
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Objectives of Antenatal Care
Assessment of both mother and fetus during pregnancy.
To ensure maternal/fetal well-being and treat conditions threatening health.
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Importance of Antenatal/Prenatal Care
Benefits:
Reduces pregnancy and childbirth complications.
Decreases stillbirths and perinatal deaths.
Ensures integrated care throughout pregnancy.
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Health Risks and Precautions
Avoid smoke: Can lead to smaller, unhealthy babies.
Teratogens: Any agent that might disturb embryo/fetus development (radiation, infections, drugs, alcohol, chemicals).
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WHO Quality Care Vision
Aims:
Person-centred health prioritization
Reduce mortality/morbidity
Respectful care considering women’s views
Optimizing service delivery in health systems
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Positive Pregnancy Experience
Healthy pregnancy objectives:
Prevent/manage risks, illness, and death.
Foster physical/sociocultural normality.
Ensure successful transition to labor and birth.
Establish maternal self-esteem and autonomy.
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Psychological Support Objective
Support psychological adjustment to pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, and parenthood.
Promote awareness of social and psychological components impacting family dynamics.
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Monitoring Pregnancy Progress
Continuous monitoring for mother's and fetus's health.
Identify obstetric difficulties through close attention and diagnostic tests.
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Addressing Variations and Building Trust
Recognizing deviations from the norm, treating/referencing as necessary.
Building trusting relationships between women and caregivers.
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Informed Decision Making
Providing information for informed decision-making.
Involving family/friends for support during pregnancy.
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Frequency of Antenatal Visits
Questions on how many visits and timing.
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WHO Antenatal Care Model (2016)
Visits scheduled throughout trimesters:
First Trimester: Visit 1 (8-12 weeks)
Second Trimester: Visits 2 (24-26 weeks)
Third Trimester: Visits 3 (32 weeks)
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Components of Antenatal/Prenatal Care
Overview of essential components of prenatal care.
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Essential Components
Includes:
Risk assessment
Health promotion
Medical/psychosocial interventions and follow-up
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###Qualified Antenatal Care
Need for:
Education and support for pregnant women.
Ongoing maternal-fetal assessment.
Preparation for parenting and emotional experience.
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Goals of Antenatal Visits
Planned Goals:
First visit confirms pregnancy, assesses maternal health.
Ensures well-being in subsequent visits with preventive care.
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Activities During Visits
Key activities:
History taking, examination, screening, and treatment.
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Repeated Goals and Activities Overview
Detailing the critical goals for each visit, focusing on monitoring health and providing education.
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Health Activities Continued
History taking, assessing significant symptoms, confirming pregnancy details, and classifying risks.
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Preventive Measures and Health Education
Incorporation of preventive measures like vaccination, nutrition advice, and health education in visits.
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Risk Assessment Overview
Identification of women and fetuses at risk for complications to enhance perinatal outcomes.
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Risk Assessment Specifics
Evaluations include:
STD evaluations, blood pressure, cervical cancer screening, violence assessment, and mental health checks.
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Importance of History Taking
Ensuring a supportive and confidential environment for women to express concerns.
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Components of Prenatal Health History
Key areas covered in health history: obstetric outcomes, menstrual, contraceptive, medical/surgical history.
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Family History and Risk Factors
Importance of identifying familial and psychosocial factors that may pose pregnancy risks.
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Physical Examination Significance
Detecting undiagnosed problems that affect pregnancy outcomes, establishing baseline health levels.
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Evaluation in Physical Examination
Assessing general health, vital signs, nutritional status, and pregnancy signs.
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Labor Assessment
Estimating delivery date and evaluating pelvic and reproductive organ conditions.
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Laboratory Assessment Techniques
Conducting Pap smears, blood studies, urinalysis, and ultrasounds for comprehensive care.
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Health Teaching Areas
Key education topics during pregnancy (hygiene, exercise, dental care, etc.).
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Prenatal Education Classes
Classes encourage confidence in childbirth preparation and allow discussions on fears and preferences.
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Partner Engagement in Pregnancy
Importance of partner involvement in childbirth education and preparation.
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Role of Doulas
Support system for pregnant women during labor, including attending prenatal classes together.
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Birth Plan Development
Importance of a structured birth plan for informed decision-making in labor and delivery choices.
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Detailed Birth Plan Components
Expectations from labor stages, providing guidance on preferences for medication, support, and infant care.
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Individualized Birth Preferences
Specific birth plan scenarios reflecting personal choices and comfort measures during labor.
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Nurses' Responsibilities in Antenatal Care
Health care providers' duties include outreach, fulfilling care needs, and ensuring medication management.
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Engaging Hard-to-Reach Women
Encouragement for continuous outreach to women who do not attend services promptly, addressing their needs.
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Importance of Early Care
Recognizing that lack of early care can lead to more serious complications requiring detailed attention.
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Data Collection in Prenatal Care
Collecting and analyzing data to better understand women’s health and risk factors for pregnancy.
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Educating for Self-Care
Focus on self-care education and nutrition counseling tailored to individual circumstances.
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Nursing Perceptions of Antenatal Care
Understanding how quality in antenatal care is perceived by nurses compared to children's and mothers' experiences.
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Nursing Diagnosis Overview
Diagnosing issues like anxiety, disturbed family processes, inadequate understanding of changes in pregnancy.
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Focused Nursing Diagnoses
Further definitions of nursing diagnoses including ineffective health maintenance related to knowledge gaps.
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Educational Topics for New Mothers
Essential topics to discuss with mothers include breastfeeding, nutrition, dental care, family planning, and mental health.
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WHO Guidelines for Antenatal Care
Overview of nutritional recommendations, dietary interventions, and health surveillance practices for pregnancy health.
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Nutritional Interventions
Recommendations for daily supplementation with iron and folic acid to prevent anemia and complications in pregnancy.
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Maternal Assessment Recommendations
Regular alcohol/drug use inquiries and HIV testing as critical components of antenatal assessments.
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Fetal Assessment Procedures
Early ultrasounds for gestational age estimation and anomaly detection recommended for all pregnancies.
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Preventive Measures in Pregnancy
Use of antibiotic regimens for urinary issues and ensuring vaccinations for maternal and neonatal health.
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Addressing Common Physiological Symptoms
Recommendations for managing nausea, constipation, heartburn, and other common issues in pregnancy.
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Enhancing ANC Quality and Utilization
Suggested strategies for task-shifting responsibilities to improve maternal and child health outcomes.
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WHO Antenatal Care Recommendations
Guidelines emphasize the importance of quality care and continuous contact within pregnancy health systems.
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Research Recommendations
Outlined focus areas for future research in antenatal care to improve outcomes for mothers and newborns.
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Importance of Skilled Care Access
Emphasizing achieving positive health outcomes through trained personnel in antenatal and perinatal health.
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Additional Resources and Links
Guidance and resources for health practitioners to find best practices and improve care experiences.
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Closing Remarks by Key Figures
Ban Ki-moon's emphasis on innovative approaches to antenatal care for improved women’s health.
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Thank You Slide
Acknowledgments and appreciation for attending the presentation.