HOA MODULE 5 - Revivalist-Post Modern Architecture

Architectural style derived from Classical Greece and Rome.
Emphasizes planar qualities and sculptural volumes.
Characteristics:
- Clean, elegant style
- Grandeur of scale
- Dramatic use of columns
- Triangular Pediment
- Domed Roof
Examples:
- US Capitol Building
- The White HouseZZ
- Monticello
- Second Bank of United States
Notable Architects:
- Giovanni Battista Piranesi
- Claude Perrault
- Andrea Palladio

A late and eclectic form of Neoclassicism.
Combines classical architecture from ancient Greece and Rome with Renaissance ideas.
Examples:
- Paris Opera House
École des Beaux-Arts: School of Fine Arts established in 1819 by the French government.

Impact of the Industrial Revolution:
- Mass production of iron and steel.
Modernism: Estrangement from the past, innovative movements.
New materials, technology, and Skyscrapers.
Materials used:
- Concrete (as early as 600BC)
- Glass (as early as 3500BC)
- Steel (modern process invented by Henry Bessemer in 1855)
Examples:
- Crystal Palace
- Eiffel Tower
- Glasgow School of Art
- Brooklyn Bridge
Skyscrapers:
- Electricity
- High strength steels
- Plumbing and heating systems
- Elevators
Home Insurance Building, Chicago: First skyscraper with a fireproof structural steel frame.
Chicago Stock Exchange Building
Wainwright Building, St. Louis Missouri
Prudential (Guaranty) Building, New York
Notable Architects:
- William Le Baron Jenney
- Louis Sullivan ("Form follows function")
- Daniel Burnham
Flatiron Building, New York
Chicago School of Architecture: Adler, Sullivan, Jenney, Burnham

Arts and Crafts Movement: Reaction against Mass Production.
- Emphasized primitive, vernacular forms.
- Example: Red House
- FLW Home And Studio: Exposed beams, simplicity, native materials
Art Nouveau:
- Return to crafts and integration of art, design, and architecture.
- Characterized by fluid, undulating motifs derived from natural forms.
- Variations:
  - Stile Liberty (Italian)
  - Sezession (Austrian)
  - Jugendstil (German)
  - Modernismo (Spanish)
- Antoni Gaudí: Casa Batllo, Casa Mila, Casa Vicens, Park Guell, Sagrada Familia
- Otto Wagner: Vienna Secession movement
Art Deco: geometric shapes and volumes, (Ex. Chrysler Building)

Bauhaus: German art school combining crafts and fine arts.
- Fagus Factory
Purism by Le Corbusier: Architecture as efficient as a factory assembly line.
- Villa Savoye
- Le Corbusier's Five Points of Architecture:
  - Pilotis
  - Free Facade
  - Open Plan
  - Ribbon Windows
  - Roof Garden
- Ronchamp Chapel
- Unite D'habitation
- Chandigarh Capitol Complex
Organic Architecture: Harmonizes with natural environment.
- Frank Lloyd Wright: Robie House, Harry S Adams House, Falling Water
International Style: Minimalist, devoid of ornament.
- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe:
  - Farnsworth House
  - Seagram Building, Chicago
  - Barcelona Chair
    - "Less is more."
- Richard Neutra:
  - Lovell House
De Stijl: Black and white with primary colors.
- Rietveld Schroder House
- Mondrian Art
Expressionism: Architectural movement in Europe.
- Einstein Tower
Constructivism: Expression of construction.
- Rusakov Workers' Club

Eclectic, colorful style, reaction to Modernism.
Brutalism: Inspired by béton brut.
- Art and Architecture Bldg. Yale University.
Hi-Tech: Using building technology.
- Pompidou Centre, Paris
Deconstructivism: Bent, angled, and exploded forms.
- Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao Spain
Green Architecture: Sustainable design.
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Alvar Aalto: Helsinki University
Eero Saarinen: TWA Flight Center, Dulles International Airport
Louis Kahn: Phillips Exeter Academy Library, Kimbell Art Museum, Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban, Salk Institute
Robert Venturi: Vanna Venturi House, Episcopal Academy Chapel, Seattle Art Museum
Philip Johnson: Glass House, At&T Building
James Stirling: Neue Staatsgalerie, Stuttgart Germany
Michael Graves: Team Disney Burbank, California