Latin American Revolutions 

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Background:

Geography:

• Andes Mountains
• Amazon River
• Rain Forests
  • All Isolated people (Problems with being United)

Countries in Latin America:

• Spain→ Mexico, and many others in South America like Argentina, and Venezuela
• France → Haiti, and some others in South America
• Portugal→ Brazil

Causes:

• Enlightenment ideas were spreading from the French Rev.
• Napoleon put his brother (Joseph Bonaparte) in charge which made the people less loyal to Spain since he wasn’t Spanish.
• Inequality in races and social classes
• Rise in Nationalism.

Social Classes: (In order)

1. Peninsulares- Spanish born in Spain (Could hold government offices)

2. Creoles- Spanish born in Latin America (Could not hold government offices)

3. Mestizos- Mixed between Spanish and Native people.

4. Mulattos- Mixed between Spanish and Slaves

5. Slaves- People brought from Africa to do free work

6. Indians- Native people from the Americas

   1. The Creoles were upset that they couldn’t hold offices because it didn’t make sense. They were a big reason for the revolutions.

Encomienda system- Using natives as free labor

The Revolutions:

Venezuela:

• Simon Bolivar
  • A Creole in Venezuela
  • Fought against Spain and freed Venezuela in 1821
  • Also freed Colombia, Panama, Peru, Ecuador, and Chile
  • The Nation of Bolivia was named after him.

Argentina:

• Jose de San Martin
  • Freed Argentina from Spain
  • His goal was to get Spain out of South America for good

Mexico:

• Was fought by the lower class, more than the Creoles.
• Miguel Hidalgo
  • Starter of the Mexican War of Independence.
  • Made a speech called, the “Cry of Dolores”
• Jose Maria Morelos
  • Took over the fight after Hidalgo
• Mexico gained independence in 1821, on the 16th of September.
  • It’s the Mexican war of Independence, as the Mexican Revolution is something very different.

Brazil:

• Was owned by Portugal.
• The King and Queen ruled from Brazil during a war
• When they returned to Portugal, the son stayed, and they gave the land to him
  • Creating Brazil.

Haiti:

• Toussaint Louverture
  • Read the, “Declaration of the Rights Of Man”
  • Thought it meant the slaves were free too
  • He then started the revolution, and Napoleon thought it was a waste of time and freed them.

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