BSC2010 Exam #3 Review (1).docx

BSC2010 Exam #3 Study Guide

This exam will consist of 50 questions worth 1.5 points each. There are an equal number of questions from each chapter. You will NOT be allowed to use a calculator on this exam, but neither is one required.

Chapter 12: Be sure to pay attention to all of the bolded terms, in this and in every other chapter. Flash cards will help with this.

Of course knowing all of the stages of mitosis will be a big part of this chapter. Figure 12.7 on pages 236 and 237 will be your friend. Familiarize yourself with the events that occur at each stage, order of progression, and appearance of the cells at each stage. The Study Area in Mastering Biology has a 3D animation of mitosis that you will find helpful.

Be able to recognize the stage of the cell cycle a hypothetical cell is in given the amount of DNA present within it.

Don’t forget cytokinesis: you’ll need to know how it works in both plants and animals.

Pay attention to Figure 12.13 and understand the basics of binary fission, as well as the other two intermediate forms of cell division that eventually led to mitosis, which occur in dinoflagellates and diatoms and yeast.

Make sure you understand the phases of the cell cycle, as illustrated in Figure 12.15. What is the cell doing in each of the phases? Know the order of progression, as well as the important checkpoints. What is a checkpoint and what is the significance of a checkpoint? What can occur if these checkpoints fail? What are cyclins and cdks, and what role do they play in the cell cycle?

Cancer is a big part of this chapter as well, so understand what it is and how it arises. What is density-dependent inhibition? Anchorage-dependent inhibition? Why are these important for proper cell functioning of normal cells? How do these factor into cancer cells?

Chapter 13: Know what a karyotype analysis is and the basics of how one is performed. What is it about homologs that are the same? You should be able to tell me how many chromosomes would be present in a haploid gamete if I give you the diploid number, and vice versa.

Remember that I won’t be testing you over the variety of sexual life cycles present, including alternation of generations. However, you should still be able to identify the lifecycle of humans and other animals (see Figure 13.5).

The big story here of course is meiosis. You’ll need to understand all of the stages, just as with mitosis, so familiarize yourself with Figure 13.8 on pages 258 and 259. You should be able to look at a drawing of a cell and know what stage of meiosis (or mitosis) it is in. What events are unique to meiosis only, and not found in mitosis? What events take place in both mitosis and meiosis? Figure 13.10 will assist you here.

Know the ways in which meiosis contributes to genetic variation. What causes independent assortment? What is crossing over and how frequently does it typically occur in human cells? What role does random fertilization play in genetic variability?

Chapter 14: There are a lot of terms that you will need to know, so make ample use of flash cards in this chapter. Understand the mechanics of how Mendel conducted his experiments. What was his most significant conclusion? Why was it that his F1 offspring always looked like one of the two parental varieties? Why did he continue some of these experiments past the F1 generation? What is the model he crafted to explain his findings? What are the laws of independent assortment and segregation? What is the basis of these laws at the level of the chromosomes?

Understand the addition and multiplication rules of probability, and when to use each.

There will be a simple Punnett square on the exam which you will need to be able to complete in order to answer two questions. You will not need to solve any di-or trihybrid Punnett squares.

Understand pleiotropy, epistasis, codominance, incomplete dominance, polygenic inheritance, and the role of environmental factors on phenotype. Be able to identify examples of each.

There will NOT be any questions from section 14.4 on the exam (pages 282-288).