CSEC Human & Social Biology Exam Revision Checklist

SECTION A: LIVING ORGANISMS & THE ENVIRONMENT

  • Characteristics of living organisms
  • Cell structure & function (plant vs animal)
  • Structure of microbes (virus, bacteria, fungi)
  • Select cells (egg, sperm, epithelial, neuron, muscle)
  • Cell Specialization & levels organization
  • Cell Transport (diffusion, osmosis, active transport)
  • Photosynthesis (equation, test a leaf for starch)
  • Food chains and food webs, Biomass
  • Effects of bioaccumulation on humans
  • Processes in the carbon cycle

SECTION B: LIFE PROCESSES

1. NUTRITION

  • Macronutrients vs Micronutrients
  • Deficiency diseases
  • Performing food tests
  • Functions of water and dietary fibre
  • Causes and effects of constipation & diarrhea
  • Importance of a balanced diet and malnutrition
  • Calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI)
  • Types of teeth; tooth structure; tooth decay
  • Role of enzymes in digestion
  • Effects of temperature & pH on enzymes
  • Structure & functions of the digestive system
  • Distinguish between egestion & excretion
  • Blood glucose regulation (pancreas & liver)

2. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

  • Importance of breathing; breathing mechanism
  • Factors affecting breathing rate
  • Label a diagram of the respiratory system.
  • Define vital capacity
  • Compare gaseous exchange to breathing
  • Gaseous exchange across an alveolus
  • Characteristics of gaseous exchange surfaces
  • Aerobic vs anaerobic respiration
  • The role of ATP in energy transfer
  • Steps to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation
  • Effects of smoking (cigarette, marijuana, vaping, hookah)

3. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

  • The need for a transport system in the body
  • Substances transported in the body
  • Components of the blood
  • Blood groups (ABO system & Rhesus factor)
  • Importance & process of blood clotting
  • Concept of blood pressure
  • Structure & functions of arteries, veins & capillaries
  • Label diagram of the human heart
  • Cause and effects of heart disease
  • Structure & function of lymphatic system
  • Formation of tissue fluid and lymph

4. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

  • Label main bones of the human skeleton
  • Functions of the human skeleton
  • Structure of a long bone
  • Distinguish between tendons and ligaments
  • Types of joints (fixed, hinge, ball & socket)
  • Types of muscles (smooth, cardiac, skeletal)
  • The role of antagonistic muscles in limb movement
  • Identify the biceps and triceps in the upper arm
  • Importance of locomotion in humans.
  • Factor affecting the skeletal system

5. EXCRETION & HOMEOSTASIS & THE URINARY SYSTEM

  • Importance of excretion to humans
  • Excretory organs (kidneys, skin, lungs)
  • Kidney structure & nephron structure
  • Stages of urine formation
  • The process of hemodialysis
  • Structure and functions of the skin (diagram)
  • Homeostasis and feedback mechanisms
  • Osmoregulation and the role of ADH
  • Differentiate between heat & temperature
  • Temperature regulation