Feb 4

CONT

October 1973: War in October

  • Avi Shlaim - Failures in National intelligence estimates: case of Yom Kippur war

  • one of the most studied aspects of Yom Kip war is ISrael’s CONT

  • israeli intelligence haf ampple e idence of eguptian and syrian troop moblztn CONT

  • agranat commission est after war cibcluded that intelligebce leaders were trapped by their own conceptial work

  • At the time, Israel widely seen as military dominant af

ter decisuve vistory in 1967

As a result, many oibversverys described Arab decision to go to war as wrong

  • Korany insisgs OCt war was politically rational

  • War was designed to break diplmt statement of 67, undermine sireals sense of absolute sexurtyy, CONT

  • Success of opening days of war

  • Destroyed iafe if Israels invincibility, shattered in destructive structures eg. Bar Lrv Line

  • had major psychological impact on Israeli society

  • 1973 Arab oil embargo

  • Arab producers viewed oil not only as economic tool but powerful political tool to influence internaitonal politics

  • Oil was used as a political weapon

  • objectives of embargo; arab leaders thought they could cinvicne western states to help them fight against withdrawal using oil as a tool

  • economic imoact iof oil on West was felt strongly with inflation, energy sources, gas prices ect.

  • Political consequences and strategic shifts; shift shadowded diplomacy, embargo was lifted in 74 but its impact is still there helping the Middle East

  • Embargo did not start at same timr as Yom Kippur war. Yom Kippur war started oct 6th, oil embargo had not yet been announced. usa responded to war, but not for first few days, they just watched closely to reassess position.

  • American policy during war was changed by USA dropping large scale air lift for weapons for ISrael. Was public demonstration of US support for Israel

  • What triggered oil embargo was

  • Midterm:

    • be 6on time

    • exam will cover jan 9-feb 6

    • `Divided into multiple choice, medium length, (10-12 lines, but quality over quantity, but can write up to 2 paragraphs if neccessary)

    • Key facts, main concepts, actors, documents, distinguish btwn different historical periods

    • will post more info on mycourses

    • multiple choice will be 40%, rest will be 60%

    • Medium length; `Explain an agrument clearly to connect events and concepts, show unde4rstansing of why things happned rather than just that it happened. use readings and lectures

    • Cite responses, but not neccarry to include page numbers

    • Structure will be cause, consequences and what happened

    • Explain why Yom Kippur war represented major strategic suprise for `Israel: string answer mentions: overconfifnece of israel, and 3 other things that I forgot (oops) why did

    • In Avid plane wasn’t a lack of info, was a misenerpretation of the info, can add that they underestimated Egpt + Syria

    • evaluate if you understand conflict and chronology, do not need to analyze (That will be more on the final)

    • Try to remember dates or at least years

  • Mixing uop hist periods, years, concepts, being vague, not explaining why things happened, will lose you points.

  • explain how went from regional to global, identify arguments

  • no trick questions