Health Science Theory Chapter 8-11

1. Flow of blood backward from the aorta into the heart, caused by a weak heart valve, and is called aortic regurgitation.

2. Hypotension breaks into hypo (under) + tens (stretch) + ion (condition) = low blood pressure (the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels).

3. Dilated cardiomyopathy is also called congestive cardiomyopathy and is a condition where the heart cavity is unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) and becomes stretched (dilated), which causes weak/slow pumping of blood. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy breaks into hyper (over) + troph (developed) + ic (pertaining to) cardio (heart) + myo (muscle) + pathy (disease) and is a disease where the heart muscle becomes enlarged and blocks blood flow.

4. A bulge in a blood vessel is called an aneurysm.

5. A deep vein thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg.

6. HTN stands for hypertension.

7. SV is the abbreviation for stroke volume.

8. The force exerted by blood on the wall of blood vessels is blood pressure (BP), which consists of both diastolic pressure, pressure exerted on blood vessels when the heart is relaxed, and systolic pressure, pressure exerted on blood vessels when the heart is contracted.

9. A PCI is a percutaneous coronary intervention, an alternate treatment for a coronary artery that passes instruments up a patient’s blood vessels into the heart.

10. CABG stands for coronary artery bypass graft, a heart procedure where a borrowed piece of blood vessel is used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart.

11. NSR stands for normal sinus rhythm and is not a diagnostic procedure.

12. An A-fib, or atrial fibrillation, is quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart’s upper chamber.

13. An ASD, atrial septal defect, is a flaw in the septum that divides the two upper chambers, or atria, of the heart.

14. Blood is flowing in tiny vessels known as capillaries.

15. The root stern/o refers to the sternum and is part of the lower respiratory system.

16. The root ox/o means "oxygen" and pertains to the process of respiration.

17. The root laryng/o means "larynx," the voice box.

18. The root pharyng/o means "pharynx," the throat, the pathway used by both food and air.

19. The root lob/o means "lobe," a well-defined portion of any organ.

20. The root bronch/o means "bronchus," the main branches from the trachea into each lung.

21. Cost/o refers to the ribs.

22. The root nas/o means "nose."

23. The root pneumat/o means "air or lungs."

24. The root phren/o means "diaphragm."

25. The root capn/o means "carbon dioxide."

26. Pansinusitis breaks into PREFIX: pan (all) + ROOT: sinus (sinus) + SUFFIX: itis (inflammation) = inflammation of all sinuses.

27. The root of respiration is spir/o, which means "breathing."

28. OSA (obstructive sleep apnea) involves a condition where the patient ceases to breathe while asleep.

29. A blockage in the pulmonary blood supply is called a pulmonary embolism (PE).

30. CTA (clear to auscultation) is an examination method involving listening, usually involving a health care professional using a stethoscope, and indicates a normal sounding lung.

31. CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is a method of artificially maintaining blood flow and airflow when breathing and pulse have stopped.

32. V/Q stands for ventilation-perfusion scan, a scan that tests whether a problem in the lungs is caused by airflow or blood flow.

33. LTB stands for laryngotracheobronchitis and breaks into laryngo (larynx) + tracheo (trachea) + bronch (bronchus) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

34. Endotracheal breaks into endo (inside) + trache (trachea) + al (pertaining to) = pertaining to inside the trachea.

35. The esophagus (root esophag/o) connects the mouth to the stomach.

36. The jejunum (root jejun/o) is the second of the three sections of the small intestine and literally means "empty" because it refers to the fact that it is found empty during dissections.

37. The colon (root colon/o) is the large intestine.

38. Stomat/o means "mouth."

39. Enter/o means "intestines."

40. Sigmoid/o means "sigmoid colon," the portion of the large intestine at the end of the colon before the rectum.

41. Choleangio breaks into chole (bile) + angio (vessel) and refers to the ducts through which bile leaves the liver.

42. Gingivectomy breaks into ROOT: gingiv (gum) + SUFFIX: ectomy (removal) = surgical removal of gum tissue.

43. Sialolith breaks into ROOT: sialo (saliva) + SUFFIX: lith (stone) = stone in the saliva.

44. Hepaticotomy breaks into ROOT: hepatico (liver) + SUFFIX: tomy (incision) = incision into the liver.

45. The intestines are part of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The esophagus, mouth, stomach, and tongue are part of the UGI (upper gastrointestinal) tract.

46. There is no mention of pancreatolithiasis [pacreato (pancreas) + lith (stones) + iasis (presence) = presence of a stone in the pancreas].

47. Gastroenterology breaks into gastro (stomach) + entero (intestines) + logy (study) = study of the stomach and intestines.

48. Ileorectal anastomosis breaks into ileo (ileum) + rect (rectum) + al (pertaining to) + ana (up/out) + stom (mouth) + osis (condition) = creation of an opening between the ilium and rectum.

49. The differential diagnosis includes sclerosing cholangitis (inflammation and hardening of the bile vessels), hepatitis (inflammation of the liver), cholelithiasis(gallstones), and biliary obstruction (blockage of the bile ducts).

50. The patient had an "ultrasound of the upper abdomen." Inguinal describes the lower side portions of the abdomen.